feraid

Middle Irish

Etymology

From Old Irish feraid, possibly from Proto-Indo-European *wer- (“to heed”).[1]

Verb

feraid (conjunct ·fera, verbal noun ferthain)

  1. to grant
  2. to supply, to provide
    • c. 1000, “The Tale of Mac Da Thó's Pig”, in Ernst Windisch, editor, Irische Texte, volume 1, published 1800, section 1:
      Ro·ferad failte friu uile, ocus ructha chuci-sium isin mbruidin.
      They were all made welcome and brought to him in the hall.
      (literally, “A welcome was provided to them all…”)

Inflection

  • Passive singular perfect deuterotonic: ro·ferad

Descendants

  • Irish: fear (“to grant”)

Mutation

Mutation of feraid
radical lenition nasalization
feraid ḟeraid feraid
pronounced with /β(ʲ)-/

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in Middle Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

References

  1. ^ Pedersen, Holger (1913) Vergleichende Grammatik der keltischen Sprachen [Comparative Grammar of the Celtic Languages] (in German), volume II, Göttingen: Vandenhoeck und Ruprecht, →ISBN, pages 517–18

Further reading

Old Irish

Etymology

From Proto-Celtic *werāti. Perhaps from a root Proto-Indo-European *wer- (“to turn”) related to *h₂werg-, *werp-, and *wert-. For the semantic development compare the development of Latin versō (“to turn”) to French verser (“to pour”).[1]

Pedersen instead connects it a different Proto-Indo-European *wer- (“to heed”), compare with German gewähren (“to grant, allow”).[2]

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈfʲeriðʲ/

Verb

feraid (conjunct ·fera)

  1. to grant
    Synonyms: do·indnaig, ernaid
  2. to supply, to provide
    ferais fáilte fris ― welcomed him (literally, “provided a welcome to him”)
  3. to pour, to shower, to shed (precipitation)
    Synonym: do·fortai

Inflection

Simple, class A I present, s preterite, a subjunctive
active passive
singular plural singular plural
1st 2nd 3rd 1st 2nd 3rd
present indicative abs. ferid
conj. ·ferai ·fera ·feram ·ferat
rel.
imperfect indicative
preterite abs. fersai ferais
conj. ·fer
rel.
perfect deut. ro·fer
prot. ·ruar
future abs.
conj.
rel.
conditional
present subjunctive abs.
conj. ·roirea (ro-form) ·roíret (ro-form)
rel.
past subjunctive ·ferad
imperative fer
verbal noun
past participle
verbal of necessity

Derived terms

  • do·fera (“to cause”)
  • fo·fera (“to prepare”)
  • adbar (“matter, material”)

Descendants

Mutation

Mutation of feraid
radical lenition nasalization
feraid ḟeraid feraid
pronounced with /β̃ʲ-/

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in Old Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

References

  1. ^ Gordon, Randall Clark (2012) “fer-a- ‘shed, pour, give forth’”, in Derivational Morphology of the Early Irish Verbal Noun, Los Angeles: University of California, 4.2.2., page 434ff.
  2. ^ Pedersen, Holger (1913) Vergleichende Grammatik der keltischen Sprachen [Comparative Grammar of the Celtic Languages] (in German), volume II, Göttingen: Vandenhoeck und Ruprecht, →ISBN, pages 517–18

Further reading

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