formido

Latin

Etymology

The verb is probably derived from the noun.[1] Their origin is unknown:

  • Possibly from the root Proto-Indo-European *dʰer- (“to hold”) (the same of firmus), as the fear that makes one rigid.
  • Alternatively cognate with Ancient Greek μόρμορος (mórmoros, “fear, panic”), μύρμος (múrmos, “fear”) and μορμώ (mormṓ, “bogey, she-monster”), with the same dissimilation *morm- > form- seen in formīca and possibly fōrma.[2][1]
    If this is of Proto-Indo-European origin, it would appear to be a reduplication of a root *mer-, possibly the same root as *mer- (“to disturb”) and/or the source of *mor- (“incubus, mare (evil female spirit of nightmares)”) (which is otherwise thought to be from *mer- (“to disappear, die”)). (Can this(+) etymology be sourced?) However, de Vaan reconstructs only a stem *mormo- which he does not allow an etymology.
    If not Indo-European, then a substrate origin must be considered, which the variation of forms in Greek and morphological obscurity in both languages make likely. (Can this(+) etymology be sourced?)

The suffix component -īd- is unexplained in either case, but compare -idus (with different vowel length), -ō (forming nouns).

Pronunciation

Verb

formīdō (present infinitive formīdāre, perfect active formīdāvī, supine formīdātum); first conjugation

  1. to dread or fear
  2. to be afraid of or for

Conjugation

   Conjugation of formīdō (first conjugation)
indicative singular plural
first second third first second third
active present formīdō formīdās formīdat formīdāmus formīdātis formīdant
imperfect formīdābam formīdābās formīdābat formīdābāmus formīdābātis formīdābant
future formīdābō formīdābis formīdābit formīdābimus formīdābitis formīdābunt
perfect formīdāvī formīdāvistī formīdāvit formīdāvimus formīdāvistis formīdāvērunt,
formīdāvēre
pluperfect formīdāveram formīdāverās formīdāverat formīdāverāmus formīdāverātis formīdāverant
future perfect formīdāverō formīdāveris formīdāverit formīdāverimus formīdāveritis formīdāverint
passive present formīdor formīdāris,
formīdāre 		formīdātur formīdāmur formīdāminī formīdantur
imperfect formīdābar formīdābāris,
formīdābāre 		formīdābātur formīdābāmur formīdābāminī formīdābantur
future formīdābor formīdāberis,
formīdābere 		formīdābitur formīdābimur formīdābiminī formīdābuntur
perfect formīdātus + present active indicative of sum
pluperfect formīdātus + imperfect active indicative of sum
future perfect formīdātus + future active indicative of sum
subjunctive singular plural
first second third first second third
active present formīdem formīdēs formīdet formīdēmus formīdētis formīdent
imperfect formīdārem formīdārēs formīdāret formīdārēmus formīdārētis formīdārent
perfect formīdāverim formīdāverīs formīdāverit formīdāverīmus formīdāverītis formīdāverint
pluperfect formīdāvissem formīdāvissēs formīdāvisset formīdāvissēmus formīdāvissētis formīdāvissent
passive present formīder formīdēris,
formīdēre 		formīdētur formīdēmur formīdēminī formīdentur
imperfect formīdārer formīdārēris,
formīdārēre 		formīdārētur formīdārēmur formīdārēminī formīdārentur
perfect formīdātus + present active subjunctive of sum
pluperfect formīdātus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum
imperative singular plural
first second third first second third
active present — formīdā — — formīdāte —
future — formīdātō formīdātō — formīdātōte formīdantō
passive present — formīdāre — — formīdāminī —
future — formīdātor formīdātor — — formīdantor
non-finite forms infinitive participle
active passive active passive
present formīdāre formīdārī formīdāns —
future formīdātūrum esse formīdātum īrī formīdātūrus formīdandus
perfect formīdāvisse formīdātum esse — formīdātus
future perfect — formīdātum fore — —
perfect potential formīdātūrum fuisse — — —
verbal nouns gerund supine
genitive dative accusative ablative accusative ablative
formīdandī formīdandō formīdandum formīdandō formīdātum formīdātū

Derived terms

Noun

formīdō f (genitive formīdinis); third declension

  1. fear, alarm, terror, dread
    Ōra formīdō mūta claudit.
    The fear closes the mouths mute.
  2. fright, horror
  3. scarecrow

Declension

Third-declension noun.

singular plural
nominative formīdō formīdinēs
genitive formīdinis formīdinum
dative formīdinī formīdinibus
accusative formīdinem formīdinēs
ablative formīdine formīdinibus
vocative formīdō formīdinēs

Derived terms

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “formīdō, -īnis”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 234–235
  2. ^ “Μορμώ”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press

Further reading

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