fruncir

Spanish

Etymology

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /fɾunˈθiɾ/ [fɾũn̟ˈθiɾ] (Spain)
IPA^(key): /fɾunˈsiɾ/ [fɾũnˈsiɾ] (Latin America, Philippines)
Rhymes: -iɾ
Syllabification: frun‧cir

Verb

fruncir (first-person singular present frunzo, first-person singular preterite fruncí, past participle fruncido)

(transitive) to pucker, wrinkle
Synonym: arrugar
(transitive, sewing) to gather
(transitive) to frown

Conjugation

Conjugation of fruncir (c-z alternation) (See Appendix:Spanish verbs)

		singular			plural
infinitive			fruncir
gerund			frunciendo
past participle				masculine		feminine
		singular		fruncido		fruncida
		plural		fruncidos		fruncidas
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
indicative		yo	tú vos	él/ella/ello usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ellos/ellas ustedes
	present	frunzo	frunces^{^tú} fruncís^{^vos}	frunce	fruncimos	fruncís	fruncen
	imperfect	fruncía	fruncías	fruncía	fruncíamos	fruncíais	fruncían
	preterite	fruncí	frunciste	frunció	fruncimos	fruncisteis	fruncieron
	future	frunciré	fruncirás	fruncirá	frunciremos	frunciréis	fruncirán
	conditional	frunciría	fruncirías	frunciría	frunciríamos	frunciríais	fruncirían

subjunctive		yo	tú vos	él/ella/ello usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ellos/ellas ustedes
	present	frunza	frunzas^{^tú} frunzás^{^vos²}	frunza	frunzamos	frunzáis	frunzan
	imperfect (ra)	frunciera	fruncieras	frunciera	frunciéramos	fruncierais	fruncieran
	imperfect (se)	frunciese	fruncieses	frunciese	frunciésemos	fruncieseis	frunciesen
	future¹	frunciere	fruncieres	frunciere	frunciéremos	frunciereis	fruncieren

imperative		—	tú vos	usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ustedes
	affirmative		frunce^{^tú} fruncí^{^vos}	frunza	frunzamos	fruncid	frunzan
	negative		no frunzas	no frunza	no frunzamos	no frunzáis	no frunzan

¹Mostly obsolete, now mainly used in legal language.
²Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tú form for the present subjunctive.

Selected combined forms of fruncir (c-z alternation)

These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.

		singular			plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
with infinitive fruncir	dative	fruncirme	fruncirte	fruncirle, fruncirse	fruncirnos	frunciros	fruncirles, fruncirse
with infinitive fruncir	accusative	fruncirme	fruncirte	fruncirlo, fruncirla, fruncirse	fruncirnos	frunciros	fruncirlos, fruncirlas, fruncirse

with gerund frunciendo	dative	frunciéndome	frunciéndote	frunciéndole, frunciéndose	frunciéndonos	frunciéndoos	frunciéndoles, frunciéndose
with gerund frunciendo	accusative	frunciéndome	frunciéndote	frunciéndolo, frunciéndola, frunciéndose	frunciéndonos	frunciéndoos	frunciéndolos, frunciéndolas, frunciéndose

with informal second-person singular tú imperative frunce	dative	frúnceme	frúncete	frúncele	frúncenos	not used	frúnceles
with informal second-person singular tú imperative frunce	accusative	frúnceme	frúncete	frúncelo, frúncela	frúncenos	not used	frúncelos, frúncelas

with informal second-person singular vos imperative fruncí	dative	fruncime	fruncite	fruncile	fruncinos	not used	frunciles
	accusative	fruncime	fruncite	fruncilo, fruncila	fruncinos	not used	fruncilos, fruncilas

with formal second-person singular imperative frunza	dative	frúnzame	not used	frúnzale, frúnzase	frúnzanos	not used	frúnzales
with formal second-person singular imperative frunza	accusative	frúnzame	not used	frúnzalo, frúnzala, frúnzase	frúnzanos	not used	frúnzalos, frúnzalas

with first-person plural imperative frunzamos	dative	not used	frunzámoste	frunzámosle	frunzámonos	frunzámoos	frunzámosles
with first-person plural imperative frunzamos	accusative	not used	frunzámoste	frunzámoslo, frunzámosla	frunzámonos	frunzámoos	frunzámoslos, frunzámoslas

with informal second-person plural imperative fruncid	dative	fruncidme	not used	fruncidle	fruncidnos	fruncíos	fruncidles
with informal second-person plural imperative fruncid	accusative	fruncidme	not used	fruncidlo, fruncidla	fruncidnos	fruncíos	fruncidlos, fruncidlas

with formal second-person plural imperative frunzan	dative	frúnzanme	not used	frúnzanle	frúnzannos	not used	frúnzanles, frúnzanse
with formal second-person plural imperative frunzan	accusative	frúnzanme	not used	frúnzanlo, frúnzanla	frúnzannos	not used	frúnzanlos, frúnzanlas, frúnzanse