gíall

See also: giall

Old Irish

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ɡʲiːa̯l͈/

Etymology 1

According to MacBain, possibly borrowed from Old English ceafl (“cheek, jaw”).

Noun

gíall m (genitive géill)

jaw

Inflection

Masculine o-stem
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	gíall	gíall^L	géill^L
vocative	géill	gíall^L	gíallu^H
accusative	gíall^N	gíall^L	gíallu^H
genitive	géill^L	gíall	gíall^N
dative	gíall^L	gíallaib	gíallaib

Initial mutations of a following adjective:

^H = triggers aspiration
^L = triggers lenition
^N = triggers nasalization

Descendants

Irish: giall (“jaw, lower cheek”)
Scottish Gaelic: giall (“jaw, jowl”)

References

MacBain, Alexander, Mackay, Eneas (1911) “giall”, in An Etymological Dictionary of the Gaelic Language‎^[1], Stirling, →ISBN, page 193

Etymology 2

From Proto-Celtic *geistlos (compare Welsh gwystl, Cornish gostel, Breton gouestl), from Proto-Indo-European *gʰeystlo-, from *gʰeydʰ-.

Noun

gíall m (genitive géill)

human pledge, hostage

Inflection

Masculine o-stem
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	gíall	gíall^L	géill^L
vocative	géill	gíall^L	gíallu^H
accusative	gíall^N	gíall^L	gíallu^H
genitive	géill^L	gíall	gíall^N
dative	gíall^L	gíallaib	gíallaib

Initial mutations of a following adjective:

^H = triggers aspiration
^L = triggers lenition
^N = triggers nasalization

Descendants

Middle Irish: gíall
- Irish: giall (“hostage, human pledge”)
- Scottish Gaelic: giall
⇒ Middle Irish: gíallacht

Mutation

Mutation of *gíall*
radical	lenition	nasalization
gíall	gíall pronounced with /ɣʲ-/	ngíall

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in Old Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Further reading

Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “1 gíall”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “2 gíall”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language