gabh

See also: gábh

Irish

Alternative forms

Etymology

From Old Irish gaibid (“grasp; receive”), from Proto-Celtic *gabyeti, from Proto-Indo-European *gʰeh₁bʰ-. Cognate with English habit.

Pronunciation

Verb

gabh (present analytic gabhann, future analytic gabhfaidh, verbal noun gabháil, past participle gafa)

  1. (transitive) take
  2. (transitive) arrest (take into legal custody)
  3. (intransitive) go
  4. (intransitive) come
  5. (transitive) perform (music)

Usage notes

  • In Connemara, the future, conditional, and second-person singular imperative of this verb supply forms of téigh. In Ulster, the entire imperative supplies alternative forms of both tar (“come”) and téigh (“go”).

Conjugation

conjugation of gabh (first conjugation – A)
verbal noun gabháil
past participle gafa
tense singular plural relative autonomous
first second third first second third
indicative
present gabhaim gabhann tú;
gabhair† 		gabhann sé, sí gabhaimid gabhann sibh gabhann siad;
gabhaid† 		a ghabhann; a ghabhas /
a ngabhann*; a ngabhas* 		gabhtar
past ghabh mé;
ghabhas 		ghabh tú;
ghabhais 		ghabh sé, sí ghabhamar;
ghabh muid 		ghabh sibh;
ghabhabhair 		ghabh siad;
ghabhadar 		a ghabh /
ar ghabh* 		gabhadh
past habitual ghabhainn ghabhtá ghabhadh sé, sí ghabhaimis;
ghabhadh muid 		ghabhadh sibh ghabhaidís;
ghabhadh siad 		a ghabhadh /
ar ghabhadh* 		ghabhtaí
future gabhfaidh mé;
gabhfad 		gabhfaidh tú;
gabhfair† 		gabhfaidh sé, sí gabhfaimid;
gabhfaidh muid 		gabhfaidh sibh gabhfaidh siad;
gabhfaid† 		a ghabhfaidh; a ghabhfas /
a ngabhfaidh*; a ngabhfas* 		gabhfar
conditional ghabhfainn / ngabhfainn‡‡ ghabhfá / ngabhfᇇ ghabhfadh sé, sí / ngabhfadh sé, s퇇 ghabhfaimis;
ghabhfadh muid / ngabhfaimis‡‡; ngabhfadh‡‡ muid 		ghabhfadh sibh / ngabhfadh sibh‡‡ ghabhfaidís;
ghabhfadh siad / ngabhfaidís‡‡ / ngabhfadh siad‡‡ 		a ghabhfadh /
ar ghabhfadh* 		ghabhfaí / ngabhfa퇇
subjunctive
present go ngabha mé;
go ngabhad† 		go ngabha tú;
go ngabhair† 		go ngabha sé, sí go ngabhaimid;
go ngabha muid 		go ngabha sibh go ngabha siad;
go ngabhaid† 		— go ngabhtar
past dá ngabhainn dá ngabhtá dá ngabhadh sé, sí dá ngabhaimis;
dá ngabhadh muid 		dá ngabhadh sibh dá ngabhaidís;
dá ngabhadh siad 		— dá ngabhtaí
imperative
– gabhaim gabh gabhadh sé, sí gabhaimis gabhaigí;
gabhaidh† 		gabhaidís — gabhtar

* indirect relative
† archaic or dialect form
‡‡ dependent form used with particles that trigger eclipsis

in older literary language and some parts of Munster, alternative future and conditional forms (identical to the independent future/conditional forms of faigh, but without lenition in the future) are found:

tense singular plural relative autonomous
first second third first second third
indicative
future geobhaidh mé;
geobhad 		geobhaidh tú;
geobhair† 		geobhaidh sé, sí geobhaimíd geobhaidh sibh geobhaidh siad;
geobhaid 		a gheobhaidh, a gheobhas /
a ngeobhaidh*, a ngeobhas* 		geofar
conditional gheobhainn / ngeobhainn‡‡ gheofá / ngeofᇇ gheobhadh sé, sí / ngeobhadh sé, s퇇 gheobhaimís / ngeobhaimís‡‡ gheobhadh sibh / ngeobhadh sibh‡‡ gheobhaidís / ngeobhaidís‡‡ a gheobhadh /
ar gheobhadh* 		gheofaí / ngeofa퇇

Derived terms

Mutation

Mutated forms of gabh
radical lenition eclipsis
gabh ghabh ngabh

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

References

  1. ^ Finck, F. N. (1899) Die araner mundart [The Aran Dialect] (in German), Zweiter Band: Wörterbuch [Second volume: Dictionary], Marburg: Elwert’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, page 129
  2. ^ Focail Fholaithe, "gabh i leith"
  3. ^ Quiggin, E. C. (1906) A Dialect of Donegal, Cambridge University Press, § 131, page 51

Further reading

Scottish Gaelic

Etymology

From Old Irish gaibid (“grasp; receive”),[1] from Proto-Celtic *gabyeti, from Proto-Indo-European *gʰeh₁bʰ-.

Pronunciation

Verb

gabh (past ghabh, future gabhaidh, verbal noun gabhail, past participle gabhte)

  1. take, accept, receive, have
    Gabh cupa tì. ― Have/take a cup of tea.
  2. contain, hold
  3. sing, say, give, deliver, perform
    Gabh òran! ― Give [us] a song!
  4. get infected
  5. assume, pretend
  6. burn, kindle, ferment
  7. undertake, endeavour, be concerned with
  8. arrange
  9. can
    Cha ghabh sin a dhèanamh. ― That can't be done.
    cho teth 's a ghabhas ― as hot as possible
  10. must, be compelled to
  11. enlist, engage as a servant
  12. make secure
  13. entertain, treat
  14. acknowledge
  15. worry
  16. conceive, become pregnant
  17. beat, belabour
  18. betake, repair, proceed, go (motion)
  19. rest

Derived terms

References

  1. ^ Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “gaibid”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
  2. ^ Mac Gill-Fhinnein, Gordon (1966) Gàidhlig Uidhist a Deas, Dublin: Institiúid Ard-Léinn Bhaile Átha Cliath
  3. ^ Roy Wentworth (2003) Gaelic Words and Phrases From Wester Ross / Faclan is Abairtean à Ros an Iar, Inverness: CLÀR, →ISBN
  4. ^ Rev. C. M. Robertson (1902) “Skye Gaelic”, in Transactions of the Gaelic Society of Inverness, Volume XXIII: 1898-99‎[1], Gaelic Society of Inverness, pages 54-88
  5. ^ Oftedal, M. (1956) A linguistic survey of the Gaelic dialects of Scotland, Vol. III: The Gaelic of Leurbost, Isle of Lewis, Oslo: Norsk Tidsskrift for Sprogvidenskap
  6. ^ Donald A. Morrison (2020) Modularity and stratification in phonology: Evidence from Scottish Gaelic (Thesis)‎[2], Manchester: University of Manchester

Further reading

  • Edward Dwelly (1911) “gabh”, in Faclair Gàidhlig gu Beurla le Dealbhan [The Illustrated Gaelic–English Dictionary]‎[3], 10th edition, Edinburgh: Birlinn Limited, →ISBN
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