gaeafgysgu

Welsh

Etymology

gaeaf (winter) +‎ cysgu (to sleep)

Pronunciation

  • (North Wales) IPA(key): /ˌɡeɨ̯avˈɡəsɡɨ/, [ˌɡeɨ̯avˈɡəskɨ]
  • (South Wales) IPA(key): /ˌɡei̯avˈɡəsɡi/, [ˌɡei̯avˈɡəski]

Verb

gaeafgysgu (first-person singular present gaeafgysgaf)

  1. (biology) hibernate
    Mae'r draenog yn paratoi ei nyth cyn iddo aeafgysgu am sawl mis.
    The hedgehog prepares its next before it hibernating for several months.

Conjugation

Conjugation (literary)
singular plural impersonal
first second third first second third
present indicative/future gaeafgysgaf gaeafgysgi gaeafgwsg, gaeafgysga gaeafgysgwn gaeafgysgwch gaeafgysgant gaeafgysgir
imperfect (indicative/subjunctive)/
conditional
gaeafgysgwn gaeafgysgit gaeafgysgai gaeafgysgem gaeafgysgech gaeafgysgent gaeafgysgid
preterite gaeafgysgais gaeafgysgaist gaeafgysgodd gaeafgysgasom gaeafgysgasoch gaeafgysgasant gaeafgysgwyd
pluperfect gaeafgysgaswn gaeafgysgasit gaeafgysgasai gaeafgysgasem gaeafgysgasech gaeafgysgasent gaeafgysgasid, gaeafgysgesid
present subjunctive gaeafgysgwyf gaeafgysgych gaeafgysgo gaeafgysgom gaeafgysgoch gaeafgysgont gaeafgysger
imperative gaeafgwsg, gaeafgysga gaeafgysged gaeafgysgwn gaeafgysgwch gaeafgysgent gaeafgysger
verbal noun gaeafgysgu
verbal adjectives gaeafgysgedig
gaeafgysgadwy
Conjugation (colloquial)
inflected
colloquial forms
singular plural
first second third first second third
future gaeafgysga i,
gaeafgysgaf i
gaeafgysgi di gaeafgysgith o/e/hi,
gaeafgysgiff e/hi
gaeafgysgwn ni gaeafgysgwch chi gaeafgysgan nhw
conditional gaeafgysgwn i,
gaeafgysgswn i
gaeafgysget ti,
gaeafgysgset ti
gaeafgysgai fo/fe/hi,
gaeafgysgsai fo/fe/hi
gaeafgysgen ni,
gaeafgysgsen ni
gaeafgysgech chi,
gaeafgysgsech chi
gaeafgysgen nhw,
gaeafgysgsen nhw
preterite gaeafgysgais i,
gaeafgysges i
gaeafgysgaist ti,
gaeafgysgest ti
gaeafgysgodd o/e/hi gaeafgysgon ni gaeafgysgoch chi gaeafgysgon nhw
imperative gaeafgysga gaeafgysgwch

Note: All other forms are periphrastic, as usual in colloquial Welsh.

Coordinate terms

Mutation

Mutated forms of gaeafgysgu
radical soft nasal aspirate
gaeafgysgu aeafgysgu ngaeafgysgu unchanged

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

References

  • R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “gaeafgysgu”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies