hafgysgu

Welsh

Etymology

haf (summer) +‎ cysgu (to sleep)

Pronunciation

  • (North Wales) IPA(key): /havˈɡəsɡɨ̞/, [havˈɡəskɨ̞]
  • (South Wales) IPA(key): /havˈɡəsɡi/, [havˈɡəski]

Verb

hafgysgu (first-person singular present hafgysgaf, not mutable)

  1. aestivate
    Prin yw’r mamaliaid sy’n hafgysgu.
    There are few mammals that aestivate.

Conjugation

Conjugation (literary)
singular plural impersonal
first second third first second third
present indicative/future hafgysgaf hafgysgi hafgwsg, hafgysga hafgysgwn hafgysgwch hafgysgant hafgysgir
imperfect (indicative/subjunctive)/
conditional
hafgysgwn hafgysgit hafgysgai hafgysgem hafgysgech hafgysgent hafgysgid
preterite hafgysgais hafgysgaist hafgysgodd hafgysgasom hafgysgasoch hafgysgasant hafgysgwyd
pluperfect hafgysgaswn hafgysgasit hafgysgasai hafgysgasem hafgysgasech hafgysgasent hafgysgasid, hafgysgesid
present subjunctive hafgysgwyf hafgysgych hafgysgo hafgysgom hafgysgoch hafgysgont hafgysger
imperative hafgwsg, hafgysga hafgysged hafgysgwn hafgysgwch hafgysgent hafgysger
verbal noun hafgysgu
verbal adjectives hafgysgedig
hafgysgadwy
Conjugation (colloquial)
inflected
colloquial forms
singular plural
first second third first second third
future hafgysga i,
hafgysgaf i
hafgysgi di hafgysgith o/e/hi,
hafgysgiff e/hi
hafgysgwn ni hafgysgwch chi hafgysgan nhw
conditional hafgysgwn i,
hafgysgswn i
hafgysget ti,
hafgysgset ti
hafgysgai fo/fe/hi,
hafgysgsai fo/fe/hi
hafgysgen ni,
hafgysgsen ni
hafgysgech chi,
hafgysgsech chi
hafgysgen nhw,
hafgysgsen nhw
preterite hafgysgais i,
hafgysges i
hafgysgaist ti,
hafgysgest ti
hafgysgodd o/e/hi hafgysgon ni hafgysgoch chi hafgysgon nhw
imperative hafgysga hafgysgwch

Note: All other forms are periphrastic, as usual in colloquial Welsh.

Coordinate terms

  • hafgwsg (aestivation)
  • hafota (to summer, to pass the summer)

Further reading

  • Griffiths, Bruce, Glyn Jones, Dafydd (1995) Geiriadur yr Academi: The Welsh Academy English–Welsh Dictionary[1], Cardiff: University of Wales Press, →ISBN