ginti

See also: ģintī and ģinti

Aromanian

Noun

ginti f

  1. alternative form of gintã

Lithuanian

Etymology 1

From Proto-Balto-Slavic, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰen-.[1][2]

Cognate with Latvian dzīt,[2] Old Prussian guntwei,[2] Polish gnać (“to rush”),[2][3] Ancient Greek θείνω (theínō, “to kill”)[2] and Sanskrit हन्ति (hánti, “to slay”).[2] See also ganýti (“to graze”).

Pronunciation

Audio; “giñti”:(file)

Verb

giñti (third-person present tense gẽna, third-person past tense gi̇̀nė) [4]

  1. (transitive) to drive (especially animals)
  2. to chase
Conjugation
Conjugation of ginti
singular vienaskaita plural daugiskaita
1st person 2nd person 3rd person 1st person 2nd person 3rd person
aš tu jis/ji mes jūs jie/jos
indicative
tiesioginė
nuosaka
 present
esamasis laikas
 genu geni gena gename,
genam 		genate,
genat 		gena
past
būtasis kartinis
laikas
 giniau ginei ginė ginėme,
ginėm 		ginėte,
ginėt 		ginė
past frequentative
būtasis dažninis
laikas
 gindavau gindavai gindavo gindavome,
gindavom 		gindavote,
gindavot 		gindavo
future
būsimasis laikas
 ginsiu ginsi gins ginsime,
ginsim 		ginsite,
ginsit 		gins
subjunctive
tariamoji nuosaka
 ginčiau gintum gintų gintumėme,
gintumėm,
gintume 		gintumėte,
gintumėt 		gintų
imperative
liepiamoji nuosaka
 — gink,
ginki 		tegena ginkime,
ginkim 		ginkite,
ginkit 		tegena
Participles of ginti
adjectival (dalyviai)
active passive
present genąs, genantis genamas
past ginęs gintas
past frequentative gindavęs —
future ginsiąs, ginsiantis ginsimas
participle of necessity — gintinas
adverbial
special pusdalyvis gindamas
half-participle
padalyviai
 present genant
past ginus
past frequentative gindavus
future ginsiant
manner of action būdinys ginte, gintinai
Synonyms
Derived terms
  • (verbal noun) ginimas m
Prefixed verbs
  • gynėti
  • išginti
  • nuginti
  • parginti
  • suginti
  • užginti
  • gainioti
    • (reflexive) gainiotis

Participle

ginti̇̀ m (past passive)

  1. nominative masculine plural of giñtas

Etymology 2

Probably the same as Etymology 1, though the origin of the acute tone is unclear.[5]

Pronunciation

Audio; “gi̇̀nti”:(file)

Verb

gi̇̀nti (third-person present tense gi̇̀na, third-person past tense gýnė) [6]

  1. (transitive) to defend[7]
  2. to prohibit
Conjugation
Conjugation of ginti
singular vienaskaita plural daugiskaita
1st person 2nd person 3rd person 1st person 2nd person 3rd person
aš tu jis/ji mes jūs jie/jos
indicative
tiesioginė
nuosaka
 present
esamasis laikas
 ginù gini̇̀ gi̇̀na gi̇̀name,
gi̇̀nam 		gi̇̀nate,
gi̇̀nat 		gi̇̀na
past
būtasis kartinis
laikas
 gýnau gýnai gýno gýnome,
gýnom 		gýnote,
gýnot 		gýno
past frequentative
būtasis dažninis
laikas
 giñdavau giñdavai giñdavo giñdavome,
giñdavom 		giñdavote,
giñdavot 		giñdavo
future
būsimasis laikas
 giñsiu giñsi giñs giñsime,
giñsim 		giñsite,
giñsit 		giñs
subjunctive
tariamoji nuosaka
 giñčiau giñtum giñtų giñtumėme,
giñtumėm,
giñtume 		giñtumėte,
giñtumėt 		giñtų
imperative
liepiamoji nuosaka
 — giñk,
giñki 		tegi̇̀na giñkime,
giñkim 		giñkite,
giñkit 		tegi̇̀na
Participles of ginti
adjectival (dalyviai)
active passive
present gi̇̀nąs, gi̇̀nantis gi̇̀namas
past gýnęs giñtas
past frequentative giñdavęs —
future giñsiąs, giñsiantis giñsimas
participle of necessity — giñtinas
adverbial
special pusdalyvis giñdamas
half-participle
padalyviai
 present gi̇̀nant
past gýnus
past frequentative giñdavus
future giñsiant
manner of action būdinys giñte, giñtinai
Synonyms
Derived terms
Prefixed verbs
  • apginti
  • atginti
    • atsiginti
  • užginti
  • gynioti
Nouns
  • (Noun) gyna f

Participle

ginti̇̀ m (past passive)

  1. nominative masculine plural of gi̇̀ntas

References

  1. ^ Derksen, Rick (2015) “ginti I”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 177
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 Derksen, Rick (2008) Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 197
  3. ^ Brückner, Aleksander (1927) “gnać”, in Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego [Etymological Dictionary of the Polish Language] (in Polish), Warsaw: Wiedza Powszechna, page 146
  4. ^ “giñti” in Balčikonis, Juozas et al. (1954), Dabartinės lietuvių kalbos žodynas. Vilnius: Valstybinė politinės ir mokslinės literatūros leidykla.
  5. ^ Derksen, Rick (2015) “ginti II”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 177-8
  6. ^ “gìnti” in Balčikonis, op. cit.
  7. ^ “ginti” in Martsinkyavitshute, Victoria (1993), Hippocrene Concise Dictionary: Lithuanian-English/English-Lithuanian. New York: Hippocrene Books. →ISBN
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