gripen

Middle Dutch

Etymology

From Old Dutch grīpan, from Proto-Germanic *grīpaną.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈɣriːpən/

Verb

gripen

  1. to grab
  2. to attack, to overwhelm
  3. to understand

Inflection

Conjugation of gripen (strong class 1)
infinitive base form gripen
genitive gripens
dative gripene
indicative subjunctive
present past present past
1st person singular gripe grêep gripe grēpe
2nd person singular grijps, gripes grēeps, grēpes grijps, gripes grēpes
3rd person singular grijpt, gripet grêep gripe grēpe
1st person plural gripen grēpen gripen grēpen
2nd person plural grijpt, gripet grēept, grēpet grijpt, gripet grēpet
3rd person plural gripen grēpen gripen grēpen
imperative
singular grijp, gripe
plural grijpt, gripet
present past
participle gripende gegrēpen

Descendants

  • Dutch: grijpen
  • Limburgish: griepe

Further reading

  • gripen”, in Vroegmiddelnederlands Woordenboek, 2000
  • Verwijs, E., Verdam, J. (1885–1929) “gripen”, in Middelnederlandsch Woordenboek, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, →ISBN

Middle English

Etymology 1

From Old English grīpan, from Proto-Germanic *grīpaną. Cognates include Middle Dutch gripen, Old Swedish grīpa, Middle High German grifen and Middle Low German grîpen.

Alternative forms

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈɡriːpən/

Verb

gripen

  1. To grip or grab onto (often to take away)
  2. To confiscate or steal; to take forcibly.
  3. To make material gains come into one's possession.
  4. To find out about (to acquire knowledge or information)
  5. To torment or injure; to cause fear or sorrow.
Usage notes

This verb tends to be supplanted by grippen later in the Middle English period.

Conjugation
Conjugation of gripen (strong class 1 or weak in -ed)
infinitive (to) gripen, gripe
present tense past tense
1st-person singular gripe grop, griped
2nd-person singular gripest grope, gripe, grepe, grop, gripedest
3rd-person singular gripeth grop, griped
subjunctive singular gripe grope1, gripe1, grepe1, griped1
imperative singular
plural2 gripen, gripe gropen, grope, gripen, gripe, grepen, grepe, gripeden, gripede
imperative plural gripeth, gripe
participles gripynge, gripende gripen, gripe, grepen, grepe, griped, ygripen, ygripe

1 Replaced by the indicative in later Middle English.
2 Sometimes used as a formal 2nd-person singular.

Descendants
References

Etymology 2

From gripe (grip) +‎ -en (plural suffix).

Noun

gripen

  1. plural of gripe (grip)

Etymology 3

Verb

gripen

  1. alternative form of grippen

Norwegian Nynorsk

Participle

gripen

  1. past participle of gripa

Old English

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈɡriː.pen/
  • IPA(key): /ˈɡri.pen/

Verb

grīpen

  1. plural present subjunctive of grīpan

Verb

gripen

  1. plural preterite subjunctive of grīpan

Participle

gripen

  1. past participle of grīpan

Spanish

Verb

gripen

  1. inflection of gripar:
    1. third-person plural present subjunctive
    2. third-person plural imperative

Swedish

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈɡriːpɛn/

Noun

gripen

  1. definite singular of grip

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /²ɡriːpɛn/
  • Audio:(file)

Participle

gripen

  1. past participle of gripa

Anagrams