heilagr

Old Norse

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *hailagaz (“holy, sacred”), whence also Old English hāliġ, Old Frisian hēlich, Old Saxon hēlag, Old High German heilag, Gothic 𐌷𐌰𐌹𐌻𐌰𐌲𐍃 (hailags). Akin to heill +‎ -agr.

Adjective

heilagr (comparative helgari, superlative helgastr)

  1. holy
  2. inviolable, sacred

Usage notes

This adjective is usually contracted before a vowel, while the root vowel becomes short, yielding another set of possible forms. However, uncontracted forms also tend to appear.

Declension

Strong declension of heilagr
singular masculine feminine neuter
nominative heilagr heilug, heilǫg heilagt
accusative helgan, heilagan helga, heilaga heilagt
dative helgum, heilǫgum heilagri helgu, heilǫgu
genitive heilags heilagrar heilags
plural masculine feminine neuter
nominative helgir helgar, heilagar heilug, heilǫg
accusative helga, heilaga helgar, heilagar heilug, heilǫg
dative helgum helgum helgum, heilǫgum
genitive heilagra heilagra heilagra
Weak declension of heilagr
singular masculine feminine neuter
nominative helgi, heilagi helga, heilaga helga, heilaga
accusative helga, heilaga helgu, heilǫgu helga, heilaga
dative helga, heilaga helgu, heilǫgu helga, heilaga
genitive helga, heilaga helgu, heilǫgu helga, heilaga
plural masculine feminine neuter
nominative helgu, heilǫgu helgu, heilǫgu helgu, heilǫgu
accusative helgu, heilǫgu helgu, heilǫgu helgu, heilǫgu
dative helgum, heilǫgum helgum, heilǫgum helgum, heilǫgum
genitive helgu, heilǫgu helgu, heilǫgu helgu, heilǫgu
Declension of comparative of heilagr
singular masculine feminine neuter
nominative helgari helgari helgara
accusative helgara helgari helgara
dative helgara helgari helgara
genitive helgara helgari helgara
plural masculine feminine neuter
nominative helgari helgari helgari
accusative helgari helgari helgari
dative helgurum helgurum helgurum
genitive helgari helgari helgari
Strong declension of superlative of heilagr
singular masculine feminine neuter
nominative helgastr helgust helgast
accusative helgastan helgasta helgast
dative helgustum helgastri helgustu
genitive helgasts helgastrar helgasts
plural masculine feminine neuter
nominative helgastir helgastar helgust
accusative helgasta helgastar helgust
dative helgustum helgustum helgustum
genitive helgastra helgastra helgastra
Weak declension of superlative of heilagr
singular masculine feminine neuter
nominative helgasti helgasta helgasta
accusative helgasta helgustu helgasta
dative helgasta helgustu helgasta
genitive helgasta helgustu helgasta
plural masculine feminine neuter
nominative helgustu helgustu helgustu
accusative helgustu helgustu helgustu
dative helgustum helgustum helgustum
genitive helgustu helgustu helgustu

Descendants

  • Icelandic: heilagur, helgur
  • Faroese: heilagur, halgur
  • Norwegian Nynorsk: heilag; (dialectal) heilag’u
  • Old Swedish: hēlagher
  • Danish: hellig

Further reading

  • Zoëga, Geir T. (1910) “heilagr”, in A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press; also available at the Internet Archive
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