išdum

From Proto-Semitic *ʔišd- (backside, lower leg, base, foundation). Cognate with Ugaritic 𐎛𐎌𐎄 (ỉšd), as well as Arabic Arabic أس (uss, “base (also in algebra)”), Arabic أساس (asās, “base, basis, foundation”), Arabic است (ist, “base, foundation, buttocks, rump”). Compare also Arabic وِسَادَة (wisāda, “pillow”) and Biblical Hebrew יְסוֹד (yəsóḏ).

• (Old Babylonian) IPA^(key): /ˈiʃ.dum/

išdum m (construct state išid, dual išdān, plural išdātum f) (from Old Akkadian on)

1. base, foundation, bottom

   𒄿𒅆𒀉 𒀭𒂊 [išid šamê] ― i-ši-id AN-e ― horizon

2. (of persons) discipline

   𒁁𒂖 𒅖𒁲𒅔 [bēl išdīn] ― be-el iš-di-in ― disciplined person

3. lower extremities
4. administration, organization of a government

• išdu (non-mimated)
• ešdum, ešdu
• ušdum, ušdu
• ištum (Old Babylonian)
• ildu, irdu (Middle Babylonian, Neo-Babylonian)
• issu (Neo-Assyrian)

• “išdu”, in The Assyrian Dictionary of the Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago (CAD)‎^[1], Chicago: University of Chicago Oriental Institute, 1956–2011
• Black, Jeremy, George, Andrew, Postgate, Nicholas (2000) “išdu(m)”, in A Concise Dictionary of Akkadian, 2nd corrected edition, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz Verlag, via the electronic Babylonian Library