أس
Arabic
Alternative forms
- إِسّ (ʔiss)
Etymology
Related words include Aramaic אוּשָּׁא (ʾūšā, “foundation”) as well as Akkadian 𒀳 (uššu, “foundation”), Akkadian 𒁼 (išdu, “base, foundation, root”), Akkadian 𒆠𒆗 (sassu, “base, floor”), Hebrew יְסוֹד (yəsōḏ, “foundation”), Aramaic אִיסָדָא (ʾĕsāḏā, “thing placed beneath, at the base or bottom; pillow”), Sabaean 𐩱𐩯 (ʾs³, “foundation”), Arabic اِسْت (ist), أَسَاس (ʔasās), سُدَّة (sudda) and وِسَادَة (wisāda, “pillow”). The verb Arabic أَسَّسَ (ʔassasa) and its reflexive Arabic تَأَسَّسَ (taʔassasa) are likely denominals of this noun, itself likely also borrowed wholly or semantically from the Aramaic. Compare the verbs Arabic شَيَّدَ (šayyada, “to establish firmly, build high”) and Hebrew שָׁת (šāṯ, “to place, lay down, put down”), as well as Arabic شَدَّ (šadda, “to strengthen, make firm, make strong”).
Noun
أُسّ or أَسّ • (ʔuss or ʔass) m (plural إسَاس (ʔisās) or آسَاس (ʔāsās))
- foundation, groundwork, basis
- (mathematics) power, exponent
- (Classical Arabic) remain, relic, trace, vestige, mark left
Declension
| singular | basic singular triptote | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| indefinite | definite | construct | |
| informal | أُسّ; أَسّ ʔuss; ʔass |
الْأُسّ; الْأَسّ al-ʔuss; al-ʔass |
أُسّ; أَسّ ʔuss; ʔass |
| nominative | أُسٌّ; أَسٌّ ʔussun; ʔassun |
الْأُسُّ; الْأَسُّ al-ʔussu; al-ʔassu |
أُسُّ; أَسُّ ʔussu; ʔassu |
| accusative | أُسًّا; أَسًّا ʔussan; ʔassan |
الْأُسَّ; الْأَسَّ al-ʔussa; al-ʔassa |
أُسَّ; أَسَّ ʔussa; ʔassa |
| genitive | أُسٍّ; أَسٍّ ʔussin; ʔassin |
الْأُسِّ; الْأَسِّ al-ʔussi; al-ʔassi |
أُسِّ; أَسِّ ʔussi; ʔassi |
| dual | indefinite | definite | construct |
| informal | أُسَّيْن; أَسَّيْن ʔussayn; ʔassayn |
الْأُسَّيْن; الْأَسَّيْن al-ʔussayn; al-ʔassayn |
أُسَّيْ; أَسَّيْ ʔussay; ʔassay |
| nominative | أُسَّانِ; أَسَّانِ ʔussāni; ʔassāni |
الْأُسَّانِ; الْأَسَّانِ al-ʔussāni; al-ʔassāni |
أُسَّا; أَسَّا ʔussā; ʔassā |
| accusative | أُسَّيْنِ; أَسَّيْنِ ʔussayni; ʔassayni |
الْأُسَّيْنِ; الْأَسَّيْنِ al-ʔussayni; al-ʔassayni |
أُسَّيْ; أَسَّيْ ʔussay; ʔassay |
| genitive | أُسَّيْنِ; أَسَّيْنِ ʔussayni; ʔassayni |
الْأُسَّيْنِ; الْأَسَّيْنِ al-ʔussayni; al-ʔassayni |
أُسَّيْ; أَسَّيْ ʔussay; ʔassay |
| plural | basic broken plural triptote | ||
| indefinite | definite | construct | |
| informal | إِسَاس; آسَاس ʔisās; ʔāsās |
الْإِسَاس; الْآسَاس al-ʔisās; al-ʔāsās |
إِسَاس; آسَاس ʔisās; ʔāsās |
| nominative | إِسَاسٌ; آسَاسٌ ʔisāsun; ʔāsāsun |
الْإِسَاسُ; الْآسَاسُ al-ʔisāsu; al-ʔāsāsu |
إِسَاسُ; آسَاسُ ʔisāsu; ʔāsāsu |
| accusative | إِسَاسًا; آسَاسًا ʔisāsan; ʔāsāsan |
الْإِسَاسَ; الْآسَاسَ al-ʔisāsa; al-ʔāsāsa |
إِسَاسَ; آسَاسَ ʔisāsa; ʔāsāsa |
| genitive | إِسَاسٍ; آسَاسٍ ʔisāsin; ʔāsāsin |
الْإِسَاسِ; الْآسَاسِ al-ʔisāsi; al-ʔāsāsi |
إِسَاسِ; آسَاسِ ʔisāsi; ʔāsāsi |
Descendants
References
- “ˀwš”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
- Fraenkel, Siegmund (1886) Die aramäischen Fremdwörter im Arabischen (in German), Leiden: E. J. Brill, page 11
- Freytag, Georg (1830) “أس”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum[1] (in Latin), volume 1, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, page 33
- Jeffery, Arthur (1938) The Foreign Vocabulary of the Qurʾān (Gaekwad’s Oriental Series; 79), Baroda: Oriental Institute, page 61
- Lane, Edward William (1863-1893) “أس”, in Arabic-English Lexicon, London: Williams & Norgate, page 56.
- Wehr, Hans with Kropfitsch, Lorenz (1985) “أس”, in Arabisches Wörterbuch für die Schriftsprache der Gegenwart[2] (in German), 5th edition, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, published 2011, →ISBN, page 22
- Zimmern, Heinrich (1915) Akkadische Fremdwörter als Beweis für babylonischen Kultureinfluss (in German), Leipzig: A. Edelmann, page 31