Navajo
Etymology
ʼa- (“away”) + -y- (3rd person object prefix) + ∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -∅- (classifier) + -zǫ́ǫ́s (imperfective stem of root -ZǪ́Ǫ́Z, “to pull, to tear”).
Stem initial z- becomes d- under d-effect.
Verb
iizǫ́ǫ́s
- to pull it, drag it out of sight
- to gently rip it, tear it one time (as a piece of cloth)
Conjugation
Paradigm: Momentaneous (∅/yi), with da-shift.
| imperfective
|
singular
|
duoplural
|
plural
|
| 1st person
|
iisǫ́ǫ́s
|
iidǫ́ǫ́s
|
adeiidǫ́ǫ́s
|
| 2nd person
|
anizǫ́ǫ́s
|
oohsǫ́ǫ́s
|
adaahsǫ́ǫ́s
|
| 3rd person
|
iizǫ́ǫ́s
|
adeizǫ́ǫ́s
|
| 4th person
|
ajizǫ́ǫ́s
|
adajizǫ́ǫ́s
|
| perfective
|
singular
|
duoplural
|
plural
|
| 1st person
|
íízǫ́ǫ́z
|
iidǫ́ǫ́z
|
adasiidǫ́ǫ́z
|
| 2nd person
|
íínízǫ́ǫ́z
|
oozǫ́ǫ́z
|
adasoozǫ́ǫ́z
|
| 3rd person
|
ayíízǫ́ǫ́z
|
adeizǫ́ǫ́z
|
| 4th person
|
ajíízǫ́ǫ́z
|
adajizǫ́ǫ́z
|
| future
|
singular
|
duoplural
|
plural
|
| 1st person
|
adeesǫ́ǫ́s
|
adiidǫ́ǫ́s
|
adadiidǫ́ǫ́s
|
| 2nd person
|
adíízǫ́ǫ́s
|
adoohsǫ́ǫ́s
|
adadoohsǫ́ǫ́s
|
| 3rd person
|
iidoozǫ́ǫ́s
|
adeidoozǫ́ǫ́s
|
| 4th person
|
azhdoozǫ́ǫ́s
|
adazhdoozǫ́ǫ́s
|
Verbal stems
- ITERATIVE: -d + zǫ́ǫ́s = dǫ́ǫ́s
- OPTATIVE: -zǫ́ǫ́s