Navajo
Etymology
y- (3rd person object prefix) + -di- (inceptive) + ∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -∅- (classifier) + -zǫ́ǫ́s (imperfective stem of root -ZǪ́Ǫ́Z, “to pull, to tear”).
Stem initial z- becomes d- under d-effect.
Pronunciation
Verb
yidizǫ́ǫ́s
- he/she is pulling it or dragging it along, extends it (as a chain)
- bił yidizǫ́ǫ́s ― to zip it up, to fasten it
Conjugation
Paradigm: Momentaneous (∅/si).
| imperfective
|
singular
|
duoplural
|
plural
|
| 1st person
|
disǫ́ǫ́s
|
diidǫ́ǫ́s
|
dadiidǫ́ǫ́s
|
| 2nd person
|
dízǫ́ǫ́s
|
dohsǫ́ǫ́s
|
dadohsǫ́ǫ́s
|
| 3rd person
|
yidizǫ́ǫ́s
|
deidizǫ́ǫ́s
|
| 4th person
|
jidizǫ́ǫ́s
|
dazhdizǫ́ǫ́s
|
| perfective
|
singular
|
duoplural
|
plural
|
| 1st person
|
dézǫ́ǫ́z
|
deedǫ́ǫ́z
|
dadeedǫ́ǫ́z
|
| 2nd person
|
dínízǫ́ǫ́z
|
disoozǫ́ǫ́z
|
dadisoozǫ́ǫ́z
|
| 3rd person
|
yideezǫ́ǫ́z
|
deideezǫ́ǫ́z
|
| 4th person
|
jideezǫ́ǫ́z
|
dazhdeezǫ́ǫ́z
|
| future
|
singular
|
duoplural
|
plural
|
| 1st person
|
dideesǫ́ǫ́s
|
didiidǫ́ǫ́s
|
dadidiidǫ́ǫ́s
|
| 2nd person
|
didíízǫ́ǫ́s
|
didoohsǫ́ǫ́s
|
dadidoohsǫ́ǫ́s
|
| 3rd person
|
yididoozǫ́ǫ́s
|
deididoozǫ́ǫ́s
|
| 4th person
|
dizhdoozǫ́ǫ́s
|
dazhdidoozǫ́ǫ́s
|
Verbal stems
- ITERATIVE: -d + zǫ́ǫ́s = dǫ́ǫ́s
- OPTATIVE: -zǫ́ǫ́s