inquilinus

From Proto-Italic *en-kʷe/il-īnos, from *en-kʷe/ilō +‎ *-īnos. By surface analysis, incolō (“to dwell or abide in a place, to inhabit”) +‎ -īnus; ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *kʷel- (“to turn”). Compare incola (“an inhabitant of a place, a resident; a foreign resident”). The Proto Italic labio-velar lost in colō and its derivatives but kept in inquilīnus may well also be seen in the placename Esquilīnus mons.

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): [ɪŋ.kʷɪˈliː.nʊs]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): [iŋ.kʷiˈliː.nus]

inquilīnus m (genitive inquilīnī, feminine inquilīna); second declension

1. a sojourner (an inhabitant of a place which is not his own)
   1. (literally) an inmate, lodger
   2. a roommate
2. (derogatory) someone seen as contemptible as not born inside one's city (especially Rome), a foreigner, adopted citizen
   • 43-40 BCE, Sallustius, Bellum Catilinae, section 31.7:

     […] ; ne existumarent sibi, patricio homini, cuius ipsius atque maiorum pluruma beneficia in plebem Romanam essent, perdita re publica opus esse, cum eam servaret M. Tullius, inquilinus civis urbis Romae.

     […] ; that they should not charge him, a patrician, of craving the downfall of the republic, through whom and whose ancestors services so numerous had been earned by the Roman plebs; that M. Tullius (Cicero), a mere foreigner in Rome, was to save her.

3. (derogatory) a tourist, squatter
   • 65 C.E., Seneca the Younger, Epistulae Morales ad Lucilium, epistula 108.6:

     Quidni noverim? Pertinacissimos quidem et adsiduos, quos ego non discipulos philosophorum, sed inquilinos voco. Quidam veniunt ut audiant, non ut discant, sicut in theatrum voluptatis causa ad delectandas aures oratione vel voce vel fabulis ducimur.

     Of course I know of some! Persevering and most industrious men, but I do not call them disciples of the philosopher, no, only tourists. Many come to hear, not to learn, just as one goes to the theater for the delight of pleasing his ears with speeches, songs or plays.

Second-declension noun.

• inquilīnātus m
• inquilīnō

• → Catalan: inquilí
• → English: inquiline
• → French: inquilin
• → Italian: inquilino
• → Portuguese: inquilino
• → Spanish: inquilino

• “inquĭlīnus¹”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press

inquilīnus (feminine inquilīna, neuter inquilīnum); first/second-declension adjective

1. of foreign birth
   • 44–40 BC, Gaius Sallustius Crispus, Catilinae Coniuratio, chapter xxxi:

     Sed ubi ille adsedit Catilina, ut erat paratus ad dissimulanda omnia, demisso voltu, voce supplici postulare a patribus coepit, ne quid de se temere crederent: ea familia ortum, ita se ab adulescentia vitam instituisse, ut omnia bona in spe haberet; ne existumarent sibi, patricio homini, cuius ipsius atque maiorum pluruma beneficia in plebem Romanam essent, perdita re publica opus esse, cum eam servaret M. Tullius, inquilinus civis urbis Romae.

     When Cicero sat down, Catiline, being prepared to pretend ignorance of the whole matter, entreated, with downcast looks and suppliant voice, that “the Conscript Fathers would not too hastily believe any thing against him;” saying “that he was sprung from such a family, and had so ordered his life from his youth, as to have every happiness in prospect; and that they were not to suppose that he, a patrician, whose services to the Roman people, as well as those of his ancestors, had been so numerous, should want to ruin the state, when Marcus Tullius, a mere adopted citizen of Rome, was eager to preserve it.” ― translation from: John Selby Watson, Conspiracy of Catiline (1899 pub.), chapter xxxi

First/second-declension adjective.

• “inquĭlīnus²”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “inquilinus”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• "inquilinus", in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• inquilinus in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• “inquilinus”, in William Smith et al., editor (1890), A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, London: William Wayte. G. E. Marindin