Egyptian
Etymology 1
Perhaps from a form such as Proto-Afroasiatic *lwn-; compare Arabic لَوْن (lawn, “color, type”), Ugaritic 𐎀𐎐 (ản, “pigment”).
Pronunciation
- (reconstructed) IPA(key): /jaˈwin/ → /jaˈwin/ → /ʔaˈwen/ → /ʔaˈwen/
Noun
m
- color [since the Middle Kingdom]
- complexion, skin color
- (of a god) look, appearance
- character, nature, sort
Inflection
Declension of jwn (masculine)
| singular
|
jwn
|
| dual
|
jwnwj
|
| plural
|
jwnw
|
Alternative hieroglyphic writings of jwn
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| jwn
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jwn
|
jwn
|
jn
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jnw
|
jnmm
|
jwn
|
jwn
|
| [Middle Kingdom]
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[Middle Kingdom]
|
[18th Dynasty]
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[since the 18th Dynasty]
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[19th and 20th Dynasty]
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[Greco-Roman Period]
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[Greco-Roman Period]
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[Greco-Roman Period]
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abbreviation
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abbreviation
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Derived terms
Descendants
- Demotic: jwn
- Akhmimic Coptic: ⲉⲟⲩⲉⲛ (eouen)
- Bohairic Coptic: ⲁⲟⲩⲁⲛ (aouan)
- Fayyumic Coptic: ⲁⲟⲩⲏⲛ (aouēn), ⲁⲩⲁⲛ (auan)
- Sahidic Coptic: ⲁⲩⲁⲛ (auan), ⲁⲩⲉⲓⲛ (auein)
Etymology 2
Pronunciation
Noun
m
- pillar, column
- one of the mythical pillars seen as holding up the sky
- (figuratively) person upon whom someone or something else depends; crucial supporter, maintainer, sustainer, succorer
Inflection
Declension of jwn (masculine)
| singular
|
jwn
|
| dual
|
jwnwj
|
| plural
|
jwnw
|
Alternative hieroglyphic writings of jwn
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|
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|
|
| jwn
|
jwn
|
jwn
|
jwn
|
|
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[18th Dynasty]
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[19th Dynasty]
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[Greco-Roman Period]
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|
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in hieratic
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Derived terms
Noun
m
- ‘the Pillar’, ‘the Succorer’ as an epithet for gods, in the Greco-Roman Period especially for Osiris
Inflection
Declension of jwn (masculine)
| singular
|
jwn
|
| dual
|
jwnwj
|
| plural
|
jwnw
|
Alternative hieroglyphic writings of jwn
Derived terms
Noun
m
- air or wind, seen as a support holding up the sky [Pyramid Texts and Greco-Roman Period]
Inflection
Declension of jwn (masculine)
| singular
|
jwn
|
| dual
|
jwnwj
|
| plural
|
jwnw
|
Alternative hieroglyphic writings of jwn
|
|
|
| jwn
|
jwn
|
| [Old Kingdom]
|
[Greco-Roman Period]
|
Derived terms
Etymology 3
Pronunciation
Verb
3-lit.
- (transitive) to unite (something) (+ n: with (something else)) [Pyramid Texts]
- (intransitive, with n or ḥnꜥ) to join (someone) [Pyramid Texts]
- (in the stative) together [Pyramid Texts]
Inflection
Conjugation of jwn (triliteral / 3-lit. / 3rad.) — base stem: jwn, geminated stem: jwnn
| infinitival forms
|
imperative
|
| infinitive
|
negatival complement
|
complementary infinitive1
|
singular
|
plural
|
jwn
|
jwnw, jwn
|
jwnt
|
jwn
|
jwn
|
| ‘pseudoverbal’ forms
|
| stative stem
|
periphrastic imperfective2
|
periphrastic prospective2
|
jwn
|
ḥr jwn
|
m jwn
|
r jwn
|
| suffix conjugation
|
| aspect / mood
|
active
|
passive
|
contingent
|
| aspect / mood
|
active
|
passive
|
| perfect
|
jwn.n
|
jwnw, jwn
|
consecutive
|
jwn.jn
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
| terminative
|
jwnt
|
| perfective3
|
jwn
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
obligative1
|
jwn.ḫr
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
| imperfective
|
jwn
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
| prospective3
|
jwn
|
jwnn
|
potentialis1
|
jwn.kꜣ
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
| subjunctive
|
jwn
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
| verbal adjectives
|
| aspect / mood
|
relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms
|
participles
|
| active
|
passive
|
active
|
passive
|
| perfect
|
jwn.n
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
—
|
—
|
| perfective
|
jwn
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
jwn
|
jwn, jwnw5, jwny5
|
| imperfective
|
jwn, jwny, jwnw5
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
jwn, jwnj6, jwny6
|
jwn, jwnw5
|
| prospective
|
jwn, jwntj7
|
—
|
jwntj4, jwnt4
|
1 Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian.
2 Used mostly since Middle Egyptian.
3 Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective.
4 Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn.
5 Only in the masculine singular.
6 Only in the masculine.
7 Only in the feminine.
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Alternative hieroglyphic writings of jwn
References
- “jwn (lemma ID 22570)”, “jwn (lemma ID 22610)”, “jwn (lemma ID 22620)”, “jwn (lemma ID 22600)”, and “jwn (lemma ID 22590)”, in Thesaurus Linguae Aegyptiae[1], Corpus issue 18, Web app version 2.1.5, Tonio Sebastian Richter & Daniel A. Werning by order of the Berlin-Brandenburgische Akademie der Wissenschaften and Hans-Werner Fischer-Elfert & Peter Dils by order of the Sächsische Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Leipzig, 2004–26 July 2023
- Erman, Adolf, Grapow, Hermann (1926) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache[2], volume 1, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN, pages 52.7–52.20, 53.3–53.18
- Faulkner, Raymond Oliver (1962) A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian, Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN, page 13
- Vycichl, Werner (1983) Dictionnaire Étymologique de la Langue Copte, Leuven: Peeters, →ISBN, page 19
- ^ Loprieno, Antonio (1995) Ancient Egyptian: A Linguistic Introduction, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, pages 31, 35