kampung

English

WOTD – 31 August 2023

Etymology

Borrowed from Indonesian kampung, and/or its etymon Malay kampung (“enclosure; quarter of a town occupied by a certain nationality; village”).[1][2] Doublet of kampang.

Cognates

Pronunciation

Noun

kampung (plural kampungs)

  1. (Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore) A traditional village.
    • 1899 September – 1900 July, Joseph Conrad, chapter II, in Lord Jim: A Tale, Edinburgh, London: William Blackwood and Sons, published 1900, →OCLC, page 14:
      They came from solitary huts in the wilderness, from populous campongs, from villages by the sea. At the call of an idea they had left their forests, their clearings, the protection of their rulers, their prosperity, their poverty, the surroundings of their youth and the graves of their fathers.
    • 2015, Eka Kurniawan, chapter 4, in Labodalih Sembiring, transl., Man Tiger […], London, New York, N.Y.: Verso, →ISBN, page 107:
      Margio seldom saw his mother happy, and often thought of doing things to cheer her up. He would go back to their kampong and look for gifts for her.
  2. (Singapore) A district or suburb where a former village once stood.
    Kampung Tanah Merah.

Alternative forms

Derived terms

Translations

References

  1. ^ “kampung, n.”, in OED Online ⁠, Oxford: Oxford University Press, July 2023.
  2. ^ “kampong, n.”, in Collins English Dictionary.

Further reading

Iban

Etymology

From Proto-Malayic *kampuŋ. Compare with Khmer កំពង់ (kɑmpŭəng, “landing, port, river town, waterfront”).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /kampʊŋ/

Noun

kampung

  1. village
  2. community (an area where a particular ethnic group inhabits)
    Kampung Cina ― Chinatown
    Kampung Melayu ― Malay Settlement

Indonesian

Alternative forms

Etymology

From Malay kampung. Cognate of Minangkabau kampuang and Acehnese gampông. Compare with Khmer កំពង់ (kɑmpŭəng, “landing, port, river town, waterfront”).

Pronunciation

  • (Standard Indonesian) IPA(key): /ˈkampuŋ/ [ˈkam.pʊŋ]
  • Audio:(file)
  • Rhymes: -ampuŋ
  • Syllabification: kam‧pung

Noun

kampung (plural kampung-kampung)

  1. hamlet, village
    Synonyms: desa, dusun
    1. the fourth-level administrative division, usually in rural area, below the kecamatan
  2. suburb, especially suburb slum
  3. community (an area where a particular ethnic group inhabits)
    Kampung Cina ― Chinatown
    Kampung Melayu ― Malay Settlement

Adjective

kampung (comparative lebih kampung, superlative paling kampung)

  1. (possibly derogatory) low, vulgar, old-fashioned, unsophisticated
    Synonyms: kolot, terbelakang
  2. (possibly derogatory) rural

Derived terms

  • antar kampung
  • kampung atlet
  • kampung halaman
  • kampung keluarga berencana
  • kampung seni
  • pulang kampung

Further reading

Malay

Alternative forms

Etymology

From Proto-Malayic *kampuŋ. Compare Minangkabau kampuang.

  • According to Dempwolff, the Malay word is a derivation from Proto-Malayic *puŋ (“to collect, gather”).[1]
  • Related to Khmer កំពង់ (kɑmpŭəng, “landing, port, river town, waterfront”). due to the historical ties between Malay and Khmer people in ancient times. However, according to Dempwolff, relationship to Khmer កំពង់ (kɑmpŭəng, “landing, port, river town, waterfront”) is considered coincidental.[2]

Pronunciation

  • (Johor-Selangor) IPA(key): /ˈkampoŋ/ [ˈkam.poŋ]
  • (Riau-Lingga) IPA(key): /ˈkampuŋ/ [ˈkam.puŋ]
  • Rhymes: -ampoŋ, -poŋ, -oŋ
  • Audio (Malaysia):(file)
  • Rhymes: -uŋ

Noun

kampung (Jawi spelling کامڤوڠ, plural kampung-kampung)

  1. village (a rural habitation of size between a hamlet and a town)
    Kampung itu banyak tempat yang indah. ― That village has many beautiful places to see.
  2. (informal) hometown, place of origin
    Aku dah lama kenal Nick, kami ni sekampung.
    I have known Nick for a long time, we came from the same place.
  3. community (an area inhabited by a particular ethnic group)
    Kampung Cina ― Chinatown

Derived terms

Affixed terms and other derivations

Regular affixed derivations:

  • berkampung-kampung (“having small villages”) [reduplication + stative / habitual] (redup + beR-)
  • sekampung (“of the same village”) [comparability] (se-)
  • kampungan (“having the characteristics of a small village”) [repetition / reciprocity] (-an)
  • kekampungan (“boorish; villagelike”) [resemblance / passive] (ke-an)
  • perkampungan (“village group; place of gathering; cluster; group”) [causative passive + resultative / locative / collective / variety / verbal noun / fruit] (peR- + -an)
  • seperkampungan (“whole community”) [causative passive + resultative / locative / collective / variety / verbal noun / fruit + immediacy / habitual] (peR- + -an + se-)
  • perkampungan (“of a village”) [causative passive + repetition / reciprocity] (peR- + -an)
  • kampungkan (“to bring together”) [causative benefactive] (-kan)
  • mengampungkan (“to call; to summon; to gather”) [agent focus + causative benefactive] (meN- + -kan)
  • mengampungi (“to form a village at”) [agent focus + causative (locative) benefactive] (meN- + -i)
  • dikampungkan (“to be summoned; to be gathered”) [patient focus + causative benefactive] (di- + -kan)
  • dikampungi (“to be formed a village at”) [patient focus + causative (locative) benefactive] (di- + -i)
  • berkampung (“forming a group; gathering”) [stative / habitual] (beR-)

Irregular affixed derivations, other derivations and compound words:

  • balik kampung (“ homecoming, return to village”)
  • Kampong Ayer (“water village”)
  • kampung halaman (“birthplace”)
  • kepala kampung (“village headman”)
  • ketua kampung (“village elder”)
  • orang kampung (“villager”)

Descendants

  • Indonesian: kampung
  • → Dutch: kampong
  • → English: kampong / kampung
  • → Min Nan: 甘榜 (kám-pung, kam-póng, kam-pōng), 監光 / 监光 (kam-kong), 鑒光 / 鉴光 (kàm-kong), 監江 / 监江 (kam-kang)
    • Mandarin: 甘榜 (gānbǎng; gānbōng)
    • Cantonese: 甘榜 (gam3 bong1)

Adjective

kampung (Jawi spelling کامڤوڠ)

  1. (figurative) folk, homemade, local, popular
    kopi kampung ― folk / traditional coffee
  2. (derogatory) low, vulgar, old-fashioned, unsophisticated.
    Synonyms: jumud, kolot, terbelakang

References

  1. ^ Dempwolff (1937), 3:70.
  2. ^ Dempwolff (1937), 3:70.

Further reading

  • Pijnappel, Jan (1875) “کمڤڠ kampoeng”, in Maleisch-Hollandsch woordenboek, John Enschede en Zonen, Frederik Muller, page 88
  • Wilkinson, Richard James (1901) “کمڤڠ kampong”, in A Malay-English dictionary, Hong Kong: Kelly & Walsh limited, pages 534-5
  • Wilkinson, Richard James (1932) “kampong”, in A Malay-English dictionary (romanised), volume II, Mytilene, Greece: Salavopoulos & Kinderlis, page 503
  • “kampung” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.

Tausug

Etymology

Compare Malay kampung (“suburb; community”).

Pronunciation

  • (Sinūgan Parianun) IPA(key): /kampuŋ/ [k̠ɑmˈpuŋ]
  • Rhymes: -uŋ
  • Syllabification: kam‧pung

Noun

kampung (Sulat Sūg spelling كَمْفُڠْ)

  1. kindred, relatives (not including parents, children, or siblings)

Derived terms

  • magkampung
  • mangampung
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