medru

Welsh

Etymology

From medr (“ability, skill”) +‎ -u.

Pronunciation

Verb

medru (first-person singular present medraf) (North Wales)

  1. to be able to, can
    Synonym: gallu
    Antonyms: ffaelu, methu
  2. to know how to, know, be familiar with
    • King, Gareth (1993) Modern Welsh: A Comprehensive Grammar (Routledge Grammars), London and New York: Routledge, →ISBN, page 202:
      Mae’r ddynes ’na’n medru Cymraeg yn iawn.
      That woman knows Welsh well.

Usage notes

  • In the colloquial language, the preterite of this verb is almost never used; the past tense is rendered by means of the periphrastic imperfect, e.g. oedd o’n medru (“he could, he was able to”).
  • In the colloquial language, the future tense of this verb has a present-tense meaning as well, so medra i means both ‘I can’ and ‘I will be able to’.

Conjugation

Conjugation (literary)
singular plural impersonal
first second third first second third
present indicative/future medraf medri medr medrwn medrwch medrant medrir
imperfect (indicative/subjunctive)/
conditional 		medrwn medrit medrai medrem medrech medrent medrid
preterite medrais medraist medrodd medrasom medrasoch medrasant medrwyd
pluperfect medraswn medrasit medrasai medrasem medrasech medrasent medrasid, medresid
present subjunctive medrwyf medrych medro medrom medroch medront medrer
imperative — medr medred medrwn medrwch medrent medrer
verbal noun medru
verbal adjectives medredig
Conjugation (colloquial)
inflected
colloquial forms 		singular plural
first second third first second third
future medra i,
medraf i 		medri di medr o/e/hi medrwn ni medrwch chi medran nhw
conditional medrwn i,
medswn i 		medret ti,
medset ti 		medrai fo/fe/hi,
medsai fo/fe/hi 		medren ni,
medsen ni 		medrech chi,
medsech chi 		medren nhw,
medsen nhw
preterite medrais i,
medres i 		medraist ti,
medrest ti 		medrodd o/e/hi medron ni medroch chi medron nhw
imperative — medra — — medrwch —

Note: All other forms are periphrastic, as usual in colloquial Welsh.

Synonyms

Antonyms

  • ffili (“fail, be unable, cannot”)
  • methu (“fail, be unable, cannot”)

Mutation

Mutated forms of medru
radical soft nasal aspirate
medru fedru unchanged unchanged

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

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