Finnish
Etymology
From musta + -lainen, literally, “of the black kind”, or more loosely translated as “black person”. Compare Estonian mustlane.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈmustɑlɑi̯nen/, [ˈmus̠tɑ̝ˌlɑ̝i̯ne̞n]
- Rhymes: -ɑinen
- Syllabification(key): mus‧ta‧lai‧nen
- Hyphenation(key): mus‧ta‧lai‧nen
Noun
mustalainen
- (varying from neutral to pejorative) gypsy
- Synonyms: see Thesaurus:mustalainen
Usage notes
- The international term romani is preferred in standard Finnish.
- The endonymic Finnish Kalo terms are kaalo (literally “black man”) and kaali (literally “black woman”). The calque tumma (literally “dark one”) is chiefly used by the Roma themselves.
- In Finnish, the Roma generally use mustalainen (literally “black person”), contrasting it with valkolainen (“Finn”, literally “white person”). However, these terms may be considered offensive by younger non-Romani Finns.
Declension
Inflection of mustalainen (Kotus type 38/nainen, no gradation)
|
nominative
|
mustalainen
|
mustalaiset
|
genitive
|
mustalaisen
|
mustalaisten mustalaisien
|
partitive
|
mustalaista
|
mustalaisia
|
illative
|
mustalaiseen
|
mustalaisiin
|
|
singular
|
plural
|
nominative
|
mustalainen
|
mustalaiset
|
accusative
|
nom.
|
mustalainen
|
mustalaiset
|
gen.
|
mustalaisen
|
genitive
|
mustalaisen
|
mustalaisten mustalaisien
|
partitive
|
mustalaista
|
mustalaisia
|
inessive
|
mustalaisessa
|
mustalaisissa
|
elative
|
mustalaisesta
|
mustalaisista
|
illative
|
mustalaiseen
|
mustalaisiin
|
adessive
|
mustalaisella
|
mustalaisilla
|
ablative
|
mustalaiselta
|
mustalaisilta
|
allative
|
mustalaiselle
|
mustalaisille
|
essive
|
mustalaisena
|
mustalaisina
|
translative
|
mustalaiseksi
|
mustalaisiksi
|
abessive
|
mustalaisetta
|
mustalaisitta
|
instructive
|
—
|
mustalaisin
|
comitative
|
See the possessive forms below.
|
first-person singular possessor
|
|
singular
|
plural
|
nominative
|
mustalaiseni
|
mustalaiseni
|
accusative
|
nom.
|
mustalaiseni
|
mustalaiseni
|
gen.
|
mustalaiseni
|
genitive
|
mustalaiseni
|
mustalaisteni mustalaisieni
|
partitive
|
mustalaistani
|
mustalaisiani
|
inessive
|
mustalaisessani
|
mustalaisissani
|
elative
|
mustalaisestani
|
mustalaisistani
|
illative
|
mustalaiseeni
|
mustalaisiini
|
adessive
|
mustalaisellani
|
mustalaisillani
|
ablative
|
mustalaiseltani
|
mustalaisiltani
|
allative
|
mustalaiselleni
|
mustalaisilleni
|
essive
|
mustalaisenani
|
mustalaisinani
|
translative
|
mustalaisekseni
|
mustalaisikseni
|
abessive
|
mustalaisettani
|
mustalaisittani
|
instructive
|
—
|
—
|
comitative
|
— |
mustalaisineni
|
second-person singular possessor
|
|
singular
|
plural
|
nominative
|
mustalaisesi
|
mustalaisesi
|
accusative
|
nom.
|
mustalaisesi
|
mustalaisesi
|
gen.
|
mustalaisesi
|
genitive
|
mustalaisesi
|
mustalaistesi mustalaisiesi
|
partitive
|
mustalaistasi
|
mustalaisiasi
|
inessive
|
mustalaisessasi
|
mustalaisissasi
|
elative
|
mustalaisestasi
|
mustalaisistasi
|
illative
|
mustalaiseesi
|
mustalaisiisi
|
adessive
|
mustalaisellasi
|
mustalaisillasi
|
ablative
|
mustalaiseltasi
|
mustalaisiltasi
|
allative
|
mustalaisellesi
|
mustalaisillesi
|
essive
|
mustalaisenasi
|
mustalaisinasi
|
translative
|
mustalaiseksesi
|
mustalaisiksesi
|
abessive
|
mustalaisettasi
|
mustalaisittasi
|
instructive
|
—
|
—
|
comitative
|
— |
mustalaisinesi
|
first-person plural possessor
|
|
singular
|
plural
|
nominative
|
mustalaisemme
|
mustalaisemme
|
accusative
|
nom.
|
mustalaisemme
|
mustalaisemme
|
gen.
|
mustalaisemme
|
genitive
|
mustalaisemme
|
mustalaistemme mustalaisiemme
|
partitive
|
mustalaistamme
|
mustalaisiamme
|
inessive
|
mustalaisessamme
|
mustalaisissamme
|
elative
|
mustalaisestamme
|
mustalaisistamme
|
illative
|
mustalaiseemme
|
mustalaisiimme
|
adessive
|
mustalaisellamme
|
mustalaisillamme
|
ablative
|
mustalaiseltamme
|
mustalaisiltamme
|
allative
|
mustalaisellemme
|
mustalaisillemme
|
essive
|
mustalaisenamme
|
mustalaisinamme
|
translative
|
mustalaiseksemme
|
mustalaisiksemme
|
abessive
|
mustalaisettamme
|
mustalaisittamme
|
instructive
|
—
|
—
|
comitative
|
— |
mustalaisinemme
|
second-person plural possessor
|
|
singular
|
plural
|
nominative
|
mustalaisenne
|
mustalaisenne
|
accusative
|
nom.
|
mustalaisenne
|
mustalaisenne
|
gen.
|
mustalaisenne
|
genitive
|
mustalaisenne
|
mustalaistenne mustalaisienne
|
partitive
|
mustalaistanne
|
mustalaisianne
|
inessive
|
mustalaisessanne
|
mustalaisissanne
|
elative
|
mustalaisestanne
|
mustalaisistanne
|
illative
|
mustalaiseenne
|
mustalaisiinne
|
adessive
|
mustalaisellanne
|
mustalaisillanne
|
ablative
|
mustalaiseltanne
|
mustalaisiltanne
|
allative
|
mustalaisellenne
|
mustalaisillenne
|
essive
|
mustalaisenanne
|
mustalaisinanne
|
translative
|
mustalaiseksenne
|
mustalaisiksenne
|
abessive
|
mustalaisettanne
|
mustalaisittanne
|
instructive
|
—
|
—
|
comitative
|
— |
mustalaisinenne
|
third-person possessor
|
|
singular
|
plural
|
nominative
|
mustalaisensa
|
mustalaisensa
|
accusative
|
nom.
|
mustalaisensa
|
mustalaisensa
|
gen.
|
mustalaisensa
|
genitive
|
mustalaisensa
|
mustalaistensa mustalaisiensa
|
partitive
|
mustalaistaan mustalaistansa
|
mustalaisiaan mustalaisiansa
|
inessive
|
mustalaisessaan mustalaisessansa
|
mustalaisissaan mustalaisissansa
|
elative
|
mustalaisestaan mustalaisestansa
|
mustalaisistaan mustalaisistansa
|
illative
|
mustalaiseensa
|
mustalaisiinsa
|
adessive
|
mustalaisellaan mustalaisellansa
|
mustalaisillaan mustalaisillansa
|
ablative
|
mustalaiseltaan mustalaiseltansa
|
mustalaisiltaan mustalaisiltansa
|
allative
|
mustalaiselleen mustalaisellensa
|
mustalaisilleen mustalaisillensa
|
essive
|
mustalaisenaan mustalaisenansa
|
mustalaisinaan mustalaisinansa
|
translative
|
mustalaisekseen mustalaiseksensa
|
mustalaisikseen mustalaisiksensa
|
abessive
|
mustalaisettaan mustalaisettansa
|
mustalaisittaan mustalaisittansa
|
instructive
|
—
|
—
|
comitative
|
— |
mustalaisineen mustalaisinensa
|
|
Derived terms
Further reading
Anagrams