tumma

From Proto-Finnic *tumma. Cognates include Estonian tõmmu, Estonian tume, Ingrian tumma, Karelian tumma, Võro tummõ and Votic tummõ.

• IPA^(key): /ˈtumːɑ/, [ˈt̪umːɑ̝]
• Rhymes: -umːɑ
• Syllabification^(key): tum‧ma
• Hyphenation^(key): tum‧ma

tumma (comparative tummempi, superlative tummin)

1. dark (of colour)

   Antonyms: vaalea, valjakka, kirkas

   Hänellä on tumma tukka.

   She has dark hair.

   Minä käytän vain tummia vaatteita.

   I only wear dark clothes.

2. dark-haired

   Synonyms: tummatukkainen, tummahiuksinen, brunette, brune

   Antonyms: vaalea, blondi

   Naapurin jätkä seurustelee taas sen tumman tytön kanssa.

   The guy next door is dating the dark-haired girl again.

• The compound names of dark variants of a color are formed with genitive of tumma, other adjectives often with nominative, depending on the head word, e.g.:

tummankeltainen (“dark yellow”)

tummaihoinen (“dark-skinned”)

tumma (informal, chiefly endonymic)

1. Rom, Romani person

   Synonyms: see Thesaurus:mustalainen

   • (Can we date this quote?), “Ei kenenkään lähimmäinen”, in Hai Hortto kaalot, performed by Hortto Kaalo:

     Kun lähimmäistään muut rakastaa, / niin kylmän katseen vain tumma saa.

     When the others love their neighbour, / the Rom only gets a cold look.

• The international term romani is preferred in standard Finnish.
• The endonymic Finnish Kalo terms are kaalo (literally “black man”) and kaali (literally “black woman”). The calque tumma (literally “dark one”) is chiefly used by the Roma themselves.
• In Finnish, the Roma generally use mustalainen (literally “black person”), contrasting it with valkolainen (“Finn”, literally “white person”). However, these terms may be considered offensive by younger non-Romani Finns.

• “tumma”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎^[1] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 3 July 2023

• ammut, mamut

From Proto-Finnic *tumma. Cognates include Finnish tumma and Estonian tõmmu.

• (Ala-Laukaa) IPA^(key): /ˈtumːɑ/, [ˈtumː]
• (Soikkola) IPA^(key): /ˈtumːɑ/, [ˈtumːɑ]
• Rhymes: -umː, -umːɑ
• Hyphenation: tum‧ma

tumma (comparative tummemp)

1. dim, dark

• Ruben E. Nirvi (1971) Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 608

• IPA^(key): /ˈtumːa/
• Hyphenation: tum‧ma

tumma f

1. plural of tuma

• Kazuhiro Kawachi (2007) A grammar of Sidaama (Sidamo), a Cushitic language of Ethiopia, page 38

tumme (“thumb”) +‎ -a

tumma (present tummar, preterite tummade, supine tummat, imperative tumma)

1. to thumb (touch or manipulate with one's thumb)
2. to confirm mutual agreement (sometimes by parties pressing their right thumbs against each other), to shake on it, to pinky swear

   Vi tummade på det

   We shook on it

4. to slightly compromise on, to skimp on (something)

   De tummade på säkerheten

   They compromised / skimped on security

5. (chiefly historical) to measure (lumber) in inches (tum)

Close to synonymous with göra avkall på in (sense 3). Often of being willing to compromise on or play a bit fast and loose with something considered important, in a critical sense.

• tumma in Svensk ordbok (SO)
• tumma in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)
• tumma in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)