nôm
Eastern Mnong
Etymology
From Proto-Bahnaric *ʔnoːm (“urine; to urinate”), from Proto-Mon-Khmer *n₁uum ~ *kn₁uum (“urine; to urinate”). Cognate with Mon ဏမ် (nom, “urine”), Khmer នោម (noom, “urine; to urinate”) and Semai nòòm (“urine”).
Verb
nôm
- to urinate
Macanese
Alternative forms
Etymology
Ultimately from Old Galician-Portuguese non; compare Galician nom, non. Alternative form nâm derives from Portuguese não. Sense 2 however is a calque of Cantonese 唔; quêro nôm-quêro, as in the collocation, can be directly translated from Cantonese 想唔想 (“do you want”, literally “want not want”); compare also Malaysian and Singaporean English or not.
Adverb
nôm
- not, do not, have not
- Iou nôm têm sapeca ― I don't have cash
- Iou nôm sabe úndi já rafundí iou-sua ôclo
- I don't know where I put my glasses
- Ilôtro nôm têm vegónha
- They have no shame
- (literally, “They don't have shame”)
- or not (used between two of the same verb)
- Vôs quêro nôm-quêro comprâ? ― Do you want to buy or not?
Usage notes
- May or may not be written appended to the following verb using a hyphen, e.g. nôm-têm rather than nôm têm, but this is ultimately stylistic and depends on the writer. The specific usage with nôm-têm may be inspired by Cantonese 冇, considered by some to be a combination of 無 / 无 (“not; nothing”) and 有 (“have”).
- Not used in Macanese as a negative response to a question. For questions pertaining to the past and present, nunca is used; for questions pertaining to the future, nádi is used.
Derived terms
- nôm mestê, nomestê
- nôm têm nada (“nothing special; it's not important; no problem, you're welcome”)
References
Vietnamese
Pronunciation
Etymology 1
Doublet of nam and nồm, as in gió nồm (“south(eastern) wind”). See nam for etymology.
Adjective
- pronunciation spelling of nam, representing Quảng Nam and Quảng Ngãi Vietnamese
- Quảng Nôm ― Quảng Nam
Derived terms
Etymology 2
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Verb
nôm