Egyptian
Etymology 1
Pronunciation
Verb
4ae inf.
- (intransitive) to be(come) divine
- (transitive) to make divine
Inflection
Conjugation of nṯrj (fourth weak / 4ae inf. / IV. inf.) — base stem: nṯr, geminated stem: nṯrr
| infinitival forms
|
imperative
|
| infinitive
|
negatival complement
|
complementary infinitive1
|
singular
|
plural
|
nṯr
|
nṯrw, nṯryw, nṯr
|
nṯrt, nṯrwt, nṯryt
|
nṯr
|
nṯr, nṯry
|
| ‘pseudoverbal’ forms
|
| stative stem
|
periphrastic imperfective2
|
periphrastic prospective2
|
nṯr8
|
ḥr nṯr
|
m nṯr
|
r nṯr
|
| suffix conjugation
|
| aspect / mood
|
active
|
passive
|
contingent
|
| aspect / mood
|
active
|
passive
|
| perfect
|
nṯr.n
|
nṯrw, nṯr, nṯry
|
consecutive
|
nṯr.jn
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
| terminative
|
nṯrt
|
| perfective3
|
nṯr
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
obligative1
|
nṯr.ḫr
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
| imperfective
|
nṯr, nṯry
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
| prospective3
|
nṯrw, nṯr, nṯry
|
nṯrr
|
potentialis1
|
nṯr.kꜣ
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
| subjunctive
|
nṯr, nṯry
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
| verbal adjectives
|
| aspect / mood
|
relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms
|
participles
|
| active
|
passive
|
active
|
passive
|
| perfect
|
nṯr.n
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
—
|
—
|
| perfective
|
nṯrw1, nṯry, nṯr
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
nṯr
|
nṯry, nṯr
|
| imperfective
|
nṯrr, nṯrry, nṯrrw5
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
nṯrr, nṯrrj6, nṯrry6
|
nṯrr, nṯrrw5
|
| prospective
|
nṯrw1, nṯry, nṯr, nṯrtj7
|
—
|
nṯrwtj1 4, nṯrtj4, nṯrt4
|
1 Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian.
2 Used mostly since Middle Egyptian.
3 Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective.
4 Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn.
5 Only in the masculine singular.
6 Only in the masculine.
7 Only in the feminine.
8 Third-person masculine statives of this class often have a final -y instead of the expected stative ending.
|
Alternative hieroglyphic writings of nṯrj
Etymology 2
Nisba adjectival form of nṯr (“god”), suffixed with -j.
Pronunciation
- (reconstructed) IPA(key): /nucˈɾij/ → /nutˈɾij/ → /nətˈɾeʔ/ → /nətˈɾeʔ/
Adjective
- divine, holy
Inflection
1 Archaic in Middle Egyptian when modifying a noun.
2 From Middle Egyptian, this feminine singular form was generally used for the plural.
In Late Egyptian, the masculine singular form was used with all nouns.
Alternative hieroglyphic writings of nṯrj
Derived terms
Noun
m
- magic rope
Inflection
Declension of nṯrj (masculine)
| singular
|
nṯrj
|
| dual
|
nṯrjwj
|
| plural
|
nṯrjw
|
Noun
m
- natron
Inflection
Declension of nṯrj (masculine)
| singular
|
nṯrj
|
| dual
|
nṯrjwj
|
| plural
|
nṯrjw
|
Descendants
- → Ancient Greek: νίτρον (nítron)
- → Hebrew: נֶתֶר (néter)
References
- Faulkner, Raymond Oliver (1962) A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian, Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN
- James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 375.
- Erman, Adolf, Grapow, Hermann (1928) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache[1], volume 2, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN, pages 366.8–366.11
- ^ Loprieno, Antonio (1995) Ancient Egyptian: A Linguistic Introduction, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 53