quirito
Latin
Alternative forms
- cirītō (late)
Etymology
Uncertain. De Vaan accepts as correct the notion, current already in Antiquity, that the word originally meant "to call for the help of the Quirites," the Roman constabulary. Alternatively, it may be from Latin queror (“to complain”) through the form, though the phonetic and semantic developments are difficult to trace; alternatively, a variant of quirritāre (“to squeal like a pig”), from *quis, an onomatopoeic rendition of squeaking. Compare the Frankish *krītan (“to cry out, scream, proclaim”).
Pronunciation
- (Classical Latin) IPA(key): [kʷɪˈriː.toː]
- (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): [kʷiˈriː.t̪o]
Verb
quirītō (present infinitive quirītāre, perfect active quirītāvī, supine quirītātum); first conjugation
Conjugation
Conjugation of quirītō (first conjugation)
indicative | singular | plural | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||||
active | present | quirītō | quirītās | quirītat | quirītāmus | quirītātis | quirītant | ||||||
imperfect | quirītābam | quirītābās | quirītābat | quirītābāmus | quirītābātis | quirītābant | |||||||
future | quirītābō | quirītābis | quirītābit | quirītābimus | quirītābitis | quirītābunt | |||||||
perfect | quirītāvī | quirītāvistī | quirītāvit | quirītāvimus | quirītāvistis | quirītāvērunt, quirītāvēre | |||||||
pluperfect | quirītāveram | quirītāverās | quirītāverat | quirītāverāmus | quirītāverātis | quirītāverant | |||||||
future perfect | quirītāverō | quirītāveris | quirītāverit | quirītāverimus | quirītāveritis | quirītāverint | |||||||
passive | present | quirītor | quirītāris, quirītāre |
quirītātur | quirītāmur | quirītāminī | quirītantur | ||||||
imperfect | quirītābar | quirītābāris, quirītābāre |
quirītābātur | quirītābāmur | quirītābāminī | quirītābantur | |||||||
future | quirītābor | quirītāberis, quirītābere |
quirītābitur | quirītābimur | quirītābiminī | quirītābuntur | |||||||
perfect | quirītātus + present active indicative of sum | ||||||||||||
pluperfect | quirītātus + imperfect active indicative of sum | ||||||||||||
future perfect | quirītātus + future active indicative of sum | ||||||||||||
subjunctive | singular | plural | |||||||||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||||
active | present | quirītem | quirītēs | quirītet | quirītēmus | quirītētis | quirītent | ||||||
imperfect | quirītārem | quirītārēs | quirītāret | quirītārēmus | quirītārētis | quirītārent | |||||||
perfect | quirītāverim | quirītāverīs | quirītāverit | quirītāverīmus | quirītāverītis | quirītāverint | |||||||
pluperfect | quirītāvissem | quirītāvissēs | quirītāvisset | quirītāvissēmus | quirītāvissētis | quirītāvissent | |||||||
passive | present | quirīter | quirītēris, quirītēre |
quirītētur | quirītēmur | quirītēminī | quirītentur | ||||||
imperfect | quirītārer | quirītārēris, quirītārēre |
quirītārētur | quirītārēmur | quirītārēminī | quirītārentur | |||||||
perfect | quirītātus + present active subjunctive of sum | ||||||||||||
pluperfect | quirītātus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum | ||||||||||||
imperative | singular | plural | |||||||||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||||
active | present | — | quirītā | — | — | quirītāte | — | ||||||
future | — | quirītātō | quirītātō | — | quirītātōte | quirītantō | |||||||
passive | present | — | quirītāre | — | — | quirītāminī | — | ||||||
future | — | quirītātor | quirītātor | — | — | quirītantor | |||||||
non-finite forms | infinitive | participle | |||||||||||
active | passive | active | passive | ||||||||||
present | quirītāre | quirītārī | quirītāns | — | |||||||||
future | quirītātūrum esse | quirītātum īrī | quirītātūrus | quirītandus | |||||||||
perfect | quirītāvisse | quirītātum esse | — | quirītātus | |||||||||
future perfect | — | quirītātum fore | — | — | |||||||||
perfect potential | quirītātūrum fuisse | — | — | — | |||||||||
verbal nouns | gerund | supine | |||||||||||
genitive | dative | accusative | ablative | accusative | ablative | ||||||||
quirītandī | quirītandō | quirītandum | quirītandō | quirītātum | quirītātū |
Derived terms
Descendants
- ⇒ Sardinian: isbirridare, ilbirridare, isghirridare
- Vulgar Latin: *crītāre (disputed; see there for further descendants)
References
- De Vaan, Michiel (2008) Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 509-10
- “quirito”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “quirito”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers