seinn

Icelandic

Etymology

From Old Norse seinn, from Proto-Germanic *sainaz, *sainijaz, related to *sīþuz (“late”).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /seitn/
  • Rhymes: -eitn

Adjective

seinn (comparative seinni, superlative seinastur or (archaic, obsolete) seinstur)

  1. late, tardy
    Synonym: síðkvæmur
    Hann hlýtur að vera kominn — hann er aldrei seinn.
    He must be here already—he's never late.
    Við erum orðnar seinar í tíma!
    We're late for class!
  2. slow
    Synonym: hægur

Declension

Positive forms of seinn
strong declension
(indefinite) 		singular masculine feminine neuter
nominative seinn sein seint
accusative seinan seina
dative seinum seinni seinu
genitive seins seinnar seins
plural masculine feminine neuter
nominative seinir seinar sein
accusative seina
dative seinum
genitive seinna
weak declension
(definite) 		singular masculine feminine neuter
nominative seini seina seina
acc/dat/gen seina seinu
plural (all-case) seinu
Comparative forms of seinn
weak declension
(definite) 		masculine feminine neuter
singular (all-case) seinni seinni seinna
plural (all-case) seinni
Superlative forms of seinn
strong declension
(indefinite) 		singular masculine feminine neuter
nominative seinastur, seinstur1 seinust, seinst1 seinast, seinst1
accusative seinastan, seinstan1 seinasta, seinsta1
dative seinustum, seinstum1 seinastri, seinstri1 seinustu, seinstu1
genitive seinasts, seinsts1 seinastrar, seinstrar1 seinasts, seinsts1
plural masculine feminine neuter
nominative seinastir, seinstir1 seinastar, seinstar1 seinust, seinst1
accusative seinasta, seinsta1
dative seinustum, seinstum1
genitive seinastra, seinstra1
weak declension
(definite) 		singular masculine feminine neuter
nominative seinasti, seinsti1 seinasta, seinsta1 seinasta, seinsta1
acc/dat/gen seinasta, seinsta1 seinustu, seinstu1
plural (all-case) seinustu, seinstu1

1Archaic, obsolete.

Derived terms

  • orðinn seinn
  • seinn að (“slow at”)
  • seinn á fæti (“to be a slow walker”)
  • seinn fyrir (“late, behind-hand”)
  • seinn til (“to develop late”)
  • svifaseinn
  • um seinan (“too late”)

See also

  • seinlæti

References

  • Ásgeir Blöndal Magnússon (1989) Íslensk orðsifjabók, Reykjavík: Árni Magnússon Institute for Icelandic Studies, →ISBN (Available at Málið.is under the “Eldri orðabækur” tab.)
  • Kristín Bjarnadóttir, editor (2002–2025), “seinn”, in Beygingarlýsing íslensks nútímamáls [The Database of Modern Icelandic Inflection] (in Icelandic), Reykjavík: The Árni Magnússon Institute for Icelandic Studies
  • Mörður Árnason (2019) Íslensk orðabók, 5th edition, Reykjavík: Forlagið
  • “seinn” in the Dictionary of Modern Icelandic (in Icelandic) and ISLEX (in the Nordic languages)

Irish

Etymology

From Middle Irish sendim, from Old Irish sennim, seinnid (“to make a sound, play an instrument”),[1] from Proto-Celtic *swannati, from Proto-Indo-European *swenh₂-.

Pronunciation

Verb

seinn (present analytic seinneann, future analytic seinnfidh, verbal noun seinm, past participle seinnte)

  1. play (musical intrument)
    Is fada an bheirt cheoltóirí seo ag seinm le chéile.
    The two musicians have been playing together for a long time.
  2. sing, warble, chatter

Conjugation

conjugation of seinn (first conjugation – A)
verbal noun seinm
past participle seinnte
tense singular plural relative autonomous
first second third first second third
indicative
present seinnim seinneann tú;
seinnir† 		seinneann sé, sí seinnimid seinneann sibh seinneann siad;
seinnid† 		a sheinneann; a sheinneas /
a seinneann* 		seinntear
past sheinn mé; sheinneas sheinn tú; sheinnis sheinn sé, sí sheinneamar; sheinn muid sheinn sibh; sheinneabhair sheinn siad; sheinneadar a sheinn /
ar sheinn* 		seinneadh
past habitual sheinninn / seinninn‡‡ sheinnteá / seinnteᇇ sheinneadh sé, sí / seinneadh sé, s퇇 sheinnimis; sheinneadh muid / seinnimis‡‡; seinneadh muid‡‡ sheinneadh sibh / seinneadh sibh‡‡ sheinnidís; sheinneadh siad / seinnidís‡‡; seinneadh siad‡‡ a sheinneadh /
a seinneadh* 		sheinntí / seinnt퇇
future seinnfidh mé;
seinnfead 		seinnfidh tú;
seinnfir† 		seinnfidh sé, sí seinnfimid;
seinnfidh muid 		seinnfidh sibh seinnfidh siad;
seinnfid† 		a sheinnfidh; a sheinnfeas /
a seinnfidh* 		seinnfear
conditional sheinnfinn / seinnfinn‡‡ sheinnfeá / seinnfeᇇ sheinnfeadh sé, sí / seinnfeadh sé, s퇇 sheinnfimis; sheinnfeadh muid / seinnfimis‡‡; seinnfeadh muid‡‡ sheinnfeadh sibh / seinnfeadh sibh‡‡ sheinnfidís; sheinnfeadh siad / seinnfidís‡‡; seinnfeadh siad‡‡ a sheinnfeadh /
a seinnfeadh* 		sheinnfí / seinnf퇇
subjunctive
present go seinne mé;
go seinnead† 		go seinne tú;
go seinnir† 		go seinne sé, sí go seinnimid;
go seinne muid 		go seinne sibh go seinne siad;
go seinnid† 		— go seinntear
past dá seinninn dá seinnteá dá seinneadh sé, sí dá seinnimis;
dá seinneadh muid 		dá seinneadh sibh dá seinnidís;
dá seinneadh siad 		— dá seinntí
imperative
– seinnim seinn seinneadh sé, sí seinnimis seinnigí;
seinnidh† 		seinnidís — seinntear

* indirect relative
† archaic or dialect form
‡‡ dependent form used with particles that trigger eclipsis

Derived terms

Mutation

Mutated forms of seinn
radical lenition eclipsis
seinn sheinn
after an, tseinn 		not applicable

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

References

  1. ^ Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “seinnid”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
  2. ^ Quiggin, E. C. (1906) A Dialect of Donegal, Cambridge University Press, § 203, page 78

Further reading

  • Dinneen, Patrick S. (1927) “seinnim”, in Foclóir Gaeḋilge agus Béarla, 2nd edition, Dublin: Irish Texts Society, page 1017; reprinted with additions 1996, →ISBN
  • Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “seinn”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN

Scottish Gaelic

Etymology

From Middle Irish sendim, from Old Irish sennim, seinnid (“to make a sound, play an instrument”).

Pronunciation

Verb

seinn (past sheinn, future seinnidh, verbal noun seinn, past participle seinnte)

  1. sing
  2. play (bagpipes)
  3. (dated) play (other musical instruments)

Noun

seinn f (genitive singular seinne)

  1. singing

Mutation

Mutation of seinn
radical lenition
seinn sheinn
after "an", t-seinn

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Scottish Gaelic.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

References

  1. ^ Oftedal, M. (1956) A linguistic survey of the Gaelic dialects of Scotland, Vol. III: The Gaelic of Leurbost, Isle of Lewis, Oslo: Norsk Tidsskrift for Sprogvidenskap
  2. ^ John MacPherson (1945) The Gaelic dialect of North Uist (Thesis)‎[1], Edinburgh: University of Edinburgh
  3. ^ Borgstrøm, Carl Hj. (1937) The dialect of Barra in the Outer Hebrides, Oslo: Norsk Tidsskrift for Sprogvidenskap
  4. ^ Ternes, Elmar (1973) The phonemic analysis of Scottish Gaelic: based on the dialect of Applecross, Ross-shire, Hamburg: Helmut Buske
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