smeagan
Old English
FWOTD – 28 December 2018
Alternative forms
Etymology
From pre-Old English *smauhōjan,[1][2] an extended form of *smauhōn.[3] The verb was contracted after loss of intervocalic -h- (compare twēoġan, sċōġan). Equivalent to smēag (“penetrating, acute, subtle, effective, clever”) + -ian. Ultimately from the root of Proto-Germanic *smeuganą (“to creep, slip through”). Akin to Old English smūgan (“to creep, progress gradually or deliberately”), Old Norse smjúga (“to creep”) (> Danish smyge), Old English smyġel (“a burrow, place to creep into”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈsmæ͜ɑː.jɑn/
Verb
smēaġan
- consider, think about
- c. 992, Ælfric, "The Nativity of St. Andrew the Apostle"
- Smēaġað nu hú Drihten mancynne ætbræd wuldor, þæt hé him wuldor forgeafe.
- Consider now how the Lord took glory away from mankind, that he might give them glory.
- c. 992, Ælfric, "The Nativity of St. Andrew the Apostle"
- meditate
- examine, scrutinize, question
- Lindisfarne Gospels, Mark 8:11:
- And þa ferdon ða pharisei ⁊ ongunnon mid him smeagean ⁊ tacen of heofone sohton ⁊ his fandedon;
- And the Pharisees came forth, and began to question with him, seeking of him a sign from heaven, tempting him. (KJV)
- Lindisfarne Gospels, Mark 9:16:
- Þa ahsode he hi, hwæt smeage ge betwux eow;
- And he asked them, What question ye among yourselves?
- Lindisfarne Gospels, Mark 8:11:
Conjugation
Conjugation of smēaġan (weak, class 2)
infinitive | smēaġan | smēaġenne |
---|---|---|
indicative mood | present tense | past tense |
first person singular | smēaġe | smēade, smēaġde |
second person singular | smēast, smēaġest, smēaġst | smēadest, smēaġdest |
third person singular | smēaþ, smēaġeþ, smēaġþ | smēade, smēaġde |
plural | smēaġaþ | smēadon, smēaġdon |
subjunctive | present tense | past tense |
singular | smēaġe | smēade, smēaġde |
plural | smēaġen | smēaden, smēaġden |
imperative | ||
singular | smēa, smēaġ | |
plural | smēaġaþ | |
participle | present | past |
smēaġende | (ġe)smēad |
Derived terms
Related terms
Descendants
References
- ^ Ringe, Donald, Taylor, Ann (2014) The Development of Old English (A Linguistic History of English; 2), Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 360: “pre-OE *smauhōjan”
- ^ Hogg, Richard M., Fulk, R. D. (2011) A Grammar of Old English: Volume 2: Morphology, page 285: “Thus, inf. smēaġan 'consider' reflects NSGmc *smauxō-jan, whilst pres.ind.3sg. smēaþ reflects *smauxō-þ.”
- ^ Campbell, Alistair (1959) Old English grammar, Oxford University Press, page 335: “The stems from which these were conjugated in Gmc. were *smauχōi̯-, *smauχō-”