See also: SNM
Egyptian
Pronunciation
Etymology 1
From s- (causative prefix) + wnm (“to eat”).
Verb
caus. 2-lit.
- (transitive) to feed (someone or something), to provide with food
- (transitive) to feed (a person or animal) (+ m: with (a food)) [since the Old Kingdom]
- (transitive) to fatten, to force-feed (poultry) by gavage [Old Kingdom]
- (transitive) to ‘feed’ (gods or the dead) by providing offerings of food; to sacrifice food to [since the Old Kingdom]
- (transitive) to feed into (a brazier) (+ m: to supply a brazier with (frankincense)) [18th Dynasty]
- (transitive) to feed (food), to provide (food)
- (transitive) to feed (a food) (+ n: to (someone)) [New Kingdom]
- (transitive) to offer (food) as a sacrifice (+ ḥr: upon (an altar)) [Middle Kingdom]
- (transitive) to supply (necessities) [18th Dynasty]
- (transitive) to eat
- (transitive or intransitive) to eat, to feed on (food) (+ m: to eat of; + ḥr: to eat from (an altar)) [since Middle Kingdom literature]
- Synonym: wnm
- ― snm ḫt ― to feed on offerings of food
- (transitive, of fire, worms, etc.) to consume (corpses) [Greco-Roman Period]
Inflection
Conjugation of snm (causative biliteral / caus. 2-lit. / caus. 2rad.) — base stem: snm
| infinitival forms
|
imperative
|
| infinitive
|
negatival complement
|
complementary infinitive1
|
singular
|
plural
|
snmt, snm
|
snmw, snm
|
snmt
|
snm
|
snm
|
| ‘pseudoverbal’ forms
|
| stative stem
|
periphrastic imperfective2
|
periphrastic prospective2
|
snm
|
ḥr snm
|
m snm
|
r snm
|
| suffix conjugation
|
| aspect / mood
|
active
|
passive
|
contingent
|
| aspect / mood
|
active
|
passive
|
| perfect
|
snm.n
|
snmw, snm
|
consecutive
|
snm.jn
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
| terminative
|
snmt
|
| perfective3
|
snm
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
obligative1
|
snm.ḫr
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
| imperfective
|
snm
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
| prospective3
|
snmw, snm, snmy
|
snmw, snm, snmy
|
potentialis1
|
snm.kꜣ
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
| subjunctive
|
snm
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
| verbal adjectives
|
| aspect / mood
|
relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms
|
participles
|
| active
|
passive
|
active
|
passive
|
| perfect
|
snm.n
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
—
|
—
|
| perfective
|
snm
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
snm
|
snm, snmw5, snmy5
|
| imperfective
|
snm, snmy, snmw5
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
snm, snmj6, snmy6
|
snm, snmw5
|
| prospective
|
snm, snmtj7
|
—
|
snmwtj1 4, snmtj4, snmt4
|
1 Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian.
2 Used mostly since Middle Egyptian.
3 Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective.
4 Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn.
5 Only in the masculine singular.
6 Only in the masculine.
7 Only in the feminine.
|
Alternative hieroglyphic writings of snm
|
|
|
|
|
|
| snm
|
snm
|
snm
|
snm
|
snm
|
| [Old Kingdom]
|
[Old Kingdom]
|
[Middle Kingdom]
|
[Middle Kingdom]
|
[since the Middle Kingdom]
|
Alternative hieroglyphic writings of snm
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| snm
|
snm
|
snm
|
snm
|
snm
|
snm
|
snm
|
| [New Kingdom]
|
[New Kingdom]
|
[New Kingdom]
|
[New Kingdom]
|
[New Kingdom]
|
[New Kingdom]
|
[New Kingdom]
|
Alternative hieroglyphic writings of snm
|
|
|
|
|
|
| snm
|
snm
|
snm
|
snmm
|
snm
|
| [New Kingdom]
|
[New Kingdom]
|
[Greco-Roman Period]
|
[Greco-Roman Period]
|
[Greco-Roman Period]
|
|
|
in hieratic
|
Derived terms
Etymology 2
Verb
3-lit.
- (intransitive, of people or the heart/mind) to be(come) sad, to mourn, to grieve [18th Dynasty literature and Greco-Roman Period]
Inflection
Conjugation of snm (triliteral / 3-lit. / 3rad.) — base stem: snm, geminated stem: snmm
| infinitival forms
|
imperative
|
| infinitive
|
negatival complement
|
complementary infinitive1
|
singular
|
plural
|
snm
|
snmw, snm
|
snmt
|
snm
|
snm
|
| ‘pseudoverbal’ forms
|
| stative stem
|
periphrastic imperfective2
|
periphrastic prospective2
|
snm
|
ḥr snm
|
m snm
|
r snm
|
| suffix conjugation
|
| aspect / mood
|
active
|
passive
|
contingent
|
| aspect / mood
|
active
|
passive
|
| perfect
|
snm.n
|
snmw, snm
|
consecutive
|
snm.jn
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
| terminative
|
snmt
|
| perfective3
|
snm
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
obligative1
|
snm.ḫr
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
| imperfective
|
snm
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
| prospective3
|
snm
|
snmm
|
potentialis1
|
snm.kꜣ
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
| subjunctive
|
snm
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
| verbal adjectives
|
| aspect / mood
|
relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms
|
participles
|
| active
|
passive
|
active
|
passive
|
| perfect
|
snm.n
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
—
|
—
|
| perfective
|
snm
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
snm
|
snm, snmw5, snmy5
|
| imperfective
|
snm, snmy, snmw5
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
snm, snmj6, snmy6
|
snm, snmw5
|
| prospective
|
snm, snmtj7
|
—
|
snmtj4, snmt4
|
1 Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian.
2 Used mostly since Middle Egyptian.
3 Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective.
4 Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn.
5 Only in the masculine singular.
6 Only in the masculine.
7 Only in the feminine.
|
Alternative hieroglyphic writings of snm
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| snmm
|
snmm
|
snm
|
snm
|
snm
|
snm
|
| [Greco-Roman Period]
|
[Greco-Roman Period]
|
[Greco-Roman Period]
|
[Greco-Roman Period]
|
[Greco-Roman Period]
|
[Greco-Roman Period]
|
Noun
m
- mourning, grief, sorrow [Greco-Roman Period]
Inflection
Declension of snm (masculine)
| singular
|
snm
|
| dual
|
snmwj
|
| plural
|
snmw
|
See under the verb above.
Derived terms
Descendants
References
- “snm (lemma ID 137400)”, “snm (lemma ID 137420)”, and “snm (lemma ID 500524)”, in Thesaurus Linguae Aegyptiae[1], Corpus issue 18, Web app version 2.1.5, Tonio Sebastian Richter & Daniel A. Werning by order of the Berlin-Brandenburgische Akademie der Wissenschaften and Hans-Werner Fischer-Elfert & Peter Dils by order of the Sächsische Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Leipzig, 2004–26 July 2023
- Erman, Adolf, Grapow, Hermann (1930) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache[2], volume 4, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN, pages 164.1–164.16, 165.4–165.9
- Faulkner, Raymond Oliver (1962) A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian, Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN, page 232
- James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 35.