spiritus

From Latin spīritus. Doublet of spirit, spirytus, sprite, spright, and esprit.

spiritus (plural spirituses or spiritus)

1. A breathing.
2. An aspirate.
3. Any spirituous preparation.

Derived from Latin spīritus, from or related to spīrō.

• IPA^(key): [ˈspɪrɪtus]

spiritus m inan

1. ethanol

• “spiritus”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
• “spiritus”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
• “spiritus”, in Akademický slovník cizích slov at prirucka.ujc.cas.cz [Academic dictionary of foreign words] (in Czech), 1995

From Latin spīritus (“breath; spirit”).

• Audio:

  (file)

spiritus m (plural spiritussen or spiritus, diminutive spiritusje n) (in sense 2)

1. methylated spirit

   Synonym: brandspiritus

2. (orthography) a kind of diacritic used on Ancient Greek vowels to indicate aspiration or lack thereof. See spiritus asper and spiritus lenis

• → Indonesian: spiritus (“methylated spirit”)
• → Papiamentu: spíritùs

From Dutch spiritus, from Latin spīritus (“breath; spirit”). Doublet of spirit.

• IPA^(key): [spiˈrɪt̪ʊs]
• Hyphenation: spi‧ri‧tus

spiritus (plural spiritus-spiritus)

1. methylated spirit

• seperitus, sepiritus

• “spiritus” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

From spīrō (“I breathe; I blow, exhale, emit; I respire; I live; I am inspired; I show, express”) +‎ -tus.

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): [ˈspiː.rɪ.tʊs]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): [ˈspiː.ri.t̪us]

spīritus m (genitive spīritūs); fourth declension

1. air, breath, breathing

   Synonyms: spīrātiō, anima

   • 1833, Classicorum auctorum e Vaticanicis codicibus editorum tomus V., Rome, page 595:

     Spīritūs sunt duo dasia et psile.

     There are two breathings [in Ancient Greek]: rough and smooth.

2. light breeze
3. spirit, ghost
4. mind
   • 405 CE, Jerome, Vulgate Proverbs.29.11:

     tōtum spīritum suum prōfert stultus sapiēns differt et reservat in posterum

     A fool uttereth all his mind: a wise man deferreth, and keepeth it till afterwards. (trans. Douay-Rheims Bible)

5. energy; courage

   Synonyms: virtūs, fortitūdō, fīdūcia, animus

6. pride, haughtiness, arrogance

   Synonyms: superbia, arrogantia

Fourth-declension noun.

• Walther von Wartburg (1928–2002) “spīritus”, in Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch, volume 12: Sk–š, page 195
• Meyer-Lübke, Wilhelm (1911) “spiritus”, in Romanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch (in German)

• “spiritus”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “spiritus”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• "spiritus", in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• spiritus in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette, page 1468.
• spiritus in Georges, Karl Ernst, Georges, Heinrich (1913–1918) Ausführliches lateinisch-deutsches Handwörterbuch, 8th edition, volume 2, Hahnsche Buchhandlung, column 2764
• Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎^[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
  • to breathe, live: animam, spiritum ducere
    
  • to breathe the air: aera spiritu ducere
    
  • to suffocate a person: spiritum intercludere alicui
    
  • to give up the ghost: extremum vitae spiritum edere
    
  • inspired: divino quodam spiritu inflatus or tactus
    
  • to be haughty: magnos spiritus sibi sumere (B. G. 1. 33)
    
  • to lower a person's pride: spiritus alicuius reprimere
    
  • patrician arrogance; pride of caste: spiritus patricii (Liv. 4. 42)
    
  • to assume a despotic tone: regios spiritus sibi sumere
    
  • to destroy a despotism, tyranny: regios spiritus reprimere (Nep. Dion. 5. 5)