straf
See also: štráf
Danish
Etymology
Formed from the verb straffe (“to penalize”), from Middle Low German straffen (“to punish, blame”), from Proto-West Germanic *strēpōn, of uncertain ultimate origin, but possibly related to *streupan (“to squeeze, press, graze”).[1]
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ˈsd̥ʁɑf]
Noun
straf c (singular definite straffen, plural indefinite straffe)
Declension
| common gender |
singular | plural | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| indefinite | definite | indefinite | definite | |
| nominative | straf | straffen | straffe | straffene |
| genitive | strafs | straffens | straffes | straffenes |
References
- ^ van der Sijs, Nicoline, editor (2010), “straf1”, in Etymologiebank, Meertens Institute
Dutch
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /strɑf/
Audio: (file) - Hyphenation: straf
- Rhymes: -ɑf
Etymology 1
Early modern Dutch straffe, derived from straffen. Compare German Strafe.
Noun
straf f (plural straffen, diminutive strafje n)
- a punishment, penalty, sanction
- a discomfort, misfortune
Derived terms
- celstraf
- doodstraf
- geldstraf
- gevangenisstraf
- lijfstraf
- ongestraft
- strafbaar
- strafbal
- strafbepaling
- strafblad
- strafboek
- strafcorner
- strafexpeditie
- straffeloos
- strafinrichting
- strafkamp
- strafkolonie
- strafmaat
- strafmaatregel
- strafprocedure
- strafpunt
- strafrecht
- strafrechtbank
- strafrechter
- strafregel
- strafschop
- strafschrijven
- strafstudie
- straftijd
- strafuitvoering
- strafvordering
- strafwerk
- strafwet
- strafwetboek
- strafworp
- strafzaak
- strafzitting
- taakstraf
- vrijheidsstraf
Related terms
Descendants
- Afrikaans: straf
- Negerhollands: straaf
- → Caribbean Javanese: setrap, strap
- → Indonesian: setrap
- → Papiamentu: straf
- → Saramaccan: sitaáfu
Verb
straf
- inflection of straffen:
- first-person singular present indicative
- (in case of inversion) second-person singular present indicative
- imperative
Etymology 2
From late Middle Dutch straf. Further etymology is not known.
Adjective
straf (comparative straffer, superlative strafst)
Declension
| Declension of straf | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| uninflected | straf | |||
| inflected | straffe | |||
| comparative | straffer | |||
| positive | comparative | superlative | ||
| predicative/adverbial | straf | straffer | het strafst het strafste | |
| indefinite | m./f. sing. | straffe | straffere | strafste |
| n. sing. | straf | straffer | strafste | |
| plural | straffe | straffere | strafste | |
| definite | straffe | straffere | strafste | |
| partitive | strafs | straffers | — | |
Synonyms
German
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ʃtʁaːf]
Audio: (file)
Verb
straf
Tok Pisin
Etymology
From German Strafe (“punishment”).
Noun
straf