supersum

Latin

Etymology

Pronunciation

(Classical Latin) IPA^(key): [sʊˈpɛr.sũː]
(modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): [suˈpɛr.sum]

Verb

supersum (present infinitive superesse, perfect active superfuī, future active participle superfutūrus); irregular conjugation, suppletive, no passive, no supine stem except in the future active participle, no gerund

to remain, to still remain, to be left, left over
- 29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 2.567:
  “Iamque adeō super ūnus eram [...].”
  “And now indeed only I was left [...].”
  (Tmesis: “super” separated from “eram.”)
- c. 4 BCE – 65 CE, Seneca the Younger, Epistulae Morales ad Lucilium 1.1.5:
  Nōn putō pauperem cui quantulumcumque superest sat est.
  I don’t regard [anyone as] poor to whom however little still remains is enough.
  (Seneca’s metaphor refers to those people who appreciate the balance of their own mortality.)
to survive (usually + dative)
Synonyms: vīvō, supervīvō

cladi superesse ― to survive the disaster
- 27 BCE – 25 BCE, Titus Livius, Ab Urbe Condita I.1:
  Nihil praeter arma et naves superesset
  Had nothing survived but their swords and ships
to be in abundance, to abound
Synonyms: abundō, flōreō, niteō, affluō, superfluō

Antonyms: careō, egeō, dēsum, dēlinquō, deficiō, cessō
to be superfluous
to support, advocate (for), defend

Usage notes

Despite there being a passive for "to survive" in English, this verb is a completely active verb. Therefore, "to be survived" is expressed by reversing the subject and object.

Conjugation

Conjugation of supersum (irregular conjugation, suppletive, no passive, no supine stem except in the future active participle, no gerund)

indicative		singular				plural
indicative		first	second		third	first	second		third
active	present	supersum	superes		superest	supersumus	superestis		supersunt
	imperfect	supereram	supererās		supererat	supererāmus	supererātis		supererant
	future	supererō	supereris, superere		supererit	supererimus	supereritis		supererunt
	perfect	superfuī	superfuistī		superfuit	superfuimus	superfuistis		superfuērunt, superfuēre
	pluperfect	superfueram	superfuerās		superfuerat	superfuerāmus	superfuerātis		superfuerant
	future perfect	superfuerō	superfueris		superfuerit	superfuerimus	superfueritis		superfuerint
subjunctive		singular				plural
subjunctive		first	second		third	first	second		third
active	present	supersim, supersiem, superfuam¹	supersīs, supersiēs, superfuās¹		supersit, supersiet, superfuat¹	supersīmus, supersiēmus, superfuāmus¹	supersītis, supersiētis, superfuātis¹		supersint, supersient, superfuant¹
	imperfect	superessem, superforem	superessēs, superforēs		superesset, superforet	superessēmus, superforēmus	superessētis, superforētis		superessent, superforent
	perfect	superfuerim	superfuerīs		superfuerit	superfuerīmus	superfuerītis		superfuerint
	pluperfect	superfuissem	superfuissēs		superfuisset	superfuissēmus	superfuissētis		superfuissent
imperative		singular				plural
imperative		first	second		third	first	second		third
active	present	—	superes		—	—	supereste		—
active	future	—	superestō		superestō	—	superestōte		supersuntō
non-finite forms		infinitive				participle
non-finite forms		active		passive		active		passive
present		superesse		—		—		—
future		superfutūrum esse, superfore		—		superfutūrus		—
perfect		superfuisse		—		—		—
perfect potential		superfutūrum fuisse		—		—		—

¹Old Latin or in poetry.

References

“supersum”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
“supersum”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
supersum in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
Dizionario Latino, Olivetti