tiyak
Tagalog
Etymology
Borrowed from Hokkien, as per Chan-Yap (1980)[1] and Manuel (1948),[2] possibly:
- 的 (tiak, “true; real”), as in 的確 / 的确 (tiak-khak, “indeed; really”) with the Hokkien term as used in the Philippines, attested in the Dictionario Hispanico Sinicum (1626-1642), defined in Spanish as ciertamente (“certainly”).[3]
- 大約 / 大约 (tāi-iak, “approximately; more or less; probably; likely”)
Pronunciation
- (Standard Tagalog) IPA(key): /tiˈak/ [ˈt͡ʃak̚]
- IPA(key): (no palatal assimilation) /tiˈak/ [ˈt̪jak̚]
- Rhymes: -ak
- Syllabification: ti‧yak
Adjective
tiyák (Baybayin spelling ᜆᜒᜌᜃ᜔)
Derived terms
- di-natitiyak
- di-tiyak
- katiyakan
- katiyakin
- kawalang-tiyak
- magtiyakan
- makatiyak
- maniyak
- mapaniyak
- matiyak
- nakatitiyak
- pagtiyak
- panghalip na di-tiyak
- tiyakan
- tiyakin
- tumiyak
- walang-katiyakan
References
- ^ Chan-Yap, Gloria (1980) “Hokkien Chinese borrowings in Tagalog”, in Pacific Linguistics, volume B, number 71 (PDF), Canberra, A.C.T. 2600.: The Australian National University, page 134
- ^ Manuel, E. Arsenio (1948) Chinese elements in the Tagalog language: with some indication of Chinese influence on other Philippine languages and cultures and an excursion into Austronesian linguistics, Manila: Filipiniana Publications, page 63
- ^ Dictionario Hispánico-Sinicum[1] (overall work in Early Modern Spanish, Hokkien, and Classical Mandarin), kept as Vocabulario Español-Chino con caracteres chinos (TOMO 215) in the University of Santo Tomás Archives, Manila: Dominican Order of Preachers, 1626-1642, page 112; republished as Lee, Fabio Yuchung (李毓中), Chen, Tsung-jen (陳宗仁), José, Regalado Trota, Caño, José Luis Ortigosa, editors, Hokkien Spanish Historical Document Series I: Dictionario Hispanico Sinicum[2], Hsinchu: National Tsing Hua University Press, 2018, →ISBN.
Further reading
- “tiyak”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, Manila, 2018