trén
Hungarian
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ˈtreːn]
- Rhymes: -eːn
Etymology 1
From tré (“lousy, crappy, crummy, poor”, slang) + -n (case suffix).
Adjective
trén
- superessive singular of tré
Etymology 2
From tré + -n (adverb-forming suffix).
Adverb
trén (comparative trébben, superlative legtrébben)
Etymology 3
Borrowed from Austrian German Train(de), from French train, from French traîner, from Late Latin *tragīnāre, from Latin trahere.[1]
Noun
trén (plural trének)
- (military, dated) train of transport, baggage train, wagon train
- Synonyms: vonatcsapat, vonatosztály, poggyászvonat, szállítóoszlop, hadtáp
- (military, dated) reserves, provision, supplies (equipment, transport, and/or other services for the army)
- Synonyms: hadtáp, utánpótlás
- (military, dated) a member of the army service corps
Declension
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | trén | trének |
| accusative | trént | tréneket |
| dative | trénnek | tréneknek |
| instrumental | trénnel | trénekkel |
| causal-final | trénért | trénekért |
| translative | trénné | trénekké |
| terminative | trénig | trénekig |
| essive-formal | trénként | trénekként |
| essive-modal | — | — |
| inessive | trénben | trénekben |
| superessive | trénen | tréneken |
| adessive | trénnél | tréneknél |
| illative | trénbe | trénekbe |
| sublative | trénre | trénekre |
| allative | trénhez | trénekhez |
| elative | trénből | trénekből |
| delative | trénről | trénekről |
| ablative | tréntől | trénektől |
| non-attributive possessive – singular |
tréné | tréneké |
| non-attributive possessive – plural |
trénéi | trénekéi |
| possessor | single possession | multiple possessions |
|---|---|---|
| 1st person sing. | trénem | trénjeim |
| 2nd person sing. | tréned | trénjeid |
| 3rd person sing. | trénje | trénjei |
| 1st person plural | trénünk | trénjeink |
| 2nd person plural | trénetek | trénjeitek |
| 3rd person plural | trénjük | trénjeik |
Derived terms
- trénegyenruha
- trénlaktanya
- trénosztag
- trénszekér
- tréntiszt
Related terms
- traktál[1]
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Tótfalusi, István. Idegenszó-tár: Idegen szavak értelmező és etimológiai szótára (’A Storehouse of Foreign Words: an explanatory and etymological dictionary of foreign words’). Third, enlarged edition. Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2008. →ISBN
Further reading
- trén in Géza Bárczi, László Országh, et al., editors, A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára [The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language] (ÉrtSz.), Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN.
Icelandic
Noun
trén
- inflection of tré:
- definite nominative plural
- definite accusative plural
Old Irish
Etymology
From Proto-Celtic *trexsnos (compare Primitive Irish ᚈᚈᚏᚓᚅᚐᚂᚒᚌᚑᚄ (ttrenalugos), ᚈᚏᚓᚅᚐᚌᚒᚄᚒ (trenagusu)), with comparative *trexsais (compare Middle Welsh trech (“stronger”); Breton trec'h (“victory”); Cornish trygh (“victorious”)); Gaulish Trexius, Trexa, Trenus), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)treg- (“to be stiff, rigid, strong”) (Old Norse þróttr (“strength”)).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /tʲrʲeːn/
Noun
trén m (genitive tréuin, tríuin)
Adjective
trén (equative tressithir, comparative tressa, superlative tressam)
- strong
- c. 800–825, Diarmait, Milan Glosses on the Psalms, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 7–483, Ml. 91b12
- Trén ⁊ mór in chairdine do·rigni⟨s⟩ friu hi tossuch ⁊ cot⟨a⟩·ascrais íarum.
- Strong and great (was) the covenant you sg had made with them at first and you annulled it afterwards.
- c. 800–825, Diarmait, Milan Glosses on the Psalms, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 7–483, Ml. 91b12
Inflection
Usually:
| singular | masculine | feminine | neuter |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | trén | trén | trén |
| vocative | tríuin* trén** | ||
| accusative | trén | tríuin | |
| genitive | tríuin | tríuine | tríuin |
| dative | tríun | tríuin | tríun |
| plural | masculine | feminine/neuter | |
| nominative | tríuin | tréna | |
| vocative | trénu tréna† | ||
| accusative | trénu tréna† | ||
| genitive | trén | ||
| dative | trénaib | ||
*modifying a noun whose vocative is different from its nominative
**modifying a noun whose vocative is identical to its nominative
† not when substantivized
In the Würzburg glosses:
| singular | masculine | feminine | neuter |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | trén | trén | trén |
| vocative | tréuin* trén** | ||
| accusative | trén | tréuin | |
| genitive | tréuin | tréuine | tréuin |
| dative | tríun | tréuin | tríun |
| plural | masculine | feminine/neuter | |
| nominative | tréuin | tréna | |
| vocative | trénu tréna† | ||
| accusative | trénu tréna† | ||
| genitive | trén | ||
| dative | trénaib | ||
*modifying a noun whose vocative is different from its nominative
**modifying a noun whose vocative is identical to its nominative
† not when substantivized
As a noun meaning "strong man":
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | trén | trénL | tríuinL |
| vocative | tríuin | trénL | tríunuH |
| accusative | trénN | trénL | tríunuH |
| genitive | tríuinL | trén | trénN |
| dative | tríunL | trénaib | trénaib |
- H = triggers aspiration
- L = triggers lenition
- N = triggers nasalization
Derived terms
- treise f (“strength, vigour, power”)
Descendants
Mutation
| radical | lenition | nasalization |
|---|---|---|
| trén | thrén | trén pronounced with /dʲ-/ |
Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in Old Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.
Further reading
- Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “trén”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
- Thurneysen, Rudolf (1940) [1909] D. A. Binchy and Osborn Bergin, transl., A Grammar of Old Irish, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, translation of Handbuch des Alt-Irischen (in German), →ISBN, pages 224, 235; reprinted 2017
Walloon
Etymology
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /trẽ/
Noun
trén m (plural tréns)
- train (railway vehicle)