ungr

See also: Ungr

Old Norse

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *jungaz, whence also Old Saxon jung, Old English ġeong, Old High German junc, Gothic 𐌾𐌿𐌲𐌲𐍃 (juggs). Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₂yuh₁n̥ḱós.

Pronunciation

(12th century Icelandic) IPA^(key): /ˈũŋɡr/

Adjective

ungr (comparative yngri, superlative yngstr)

young

Declension

Strong declension of *ungr*
singular	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	ungr	ung	ungt
accusative	ungan	unga	ungt
dative	ungum	ungri	ungu
genitive	ungs	ungrar	ungs

plural	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	ungir	ungar	ung
accusative	unga	ungar	ung
dative	ungum	ungum	ungum
genitive	ungra	ungra	ungra

Weak declension of *ungr*
singular	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	ungi	unga	unga
accusative	unga	ungu	unga
dative	unga	ungu	unga
genitive	unga	ungu	unga

plural	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	ungu	ungu	ungu
accusative	ungu	ungu	ungu
dative	ungum	ungum	ungum
genitive	ungu	ungu	ungu

Two comparative and superlative stems exist. The older ǿr-, equivalent to Gothic 𐌾𐌿𐌷𐌹𐌶𐌰 (juhiza):

Comparative declension of *ungr*
singular	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	ǿri	ǿri	ǿra
accusative	ǿra	ǿri	ǿra
dative	ǿra	ǿri	ǿra
genitive	ǿra	ǿri	ǿra

plural	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	ǿri	ǿri	ǿri
accusative	ǿri	ǿri	ǿri
dative	ǿrum	ǿrum	ǿrum
genitive	ǿri	ǿri	ǿri

Strong declension of superlative of *ungr*
singular	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	ǿrr	{{{2}}}	ǿrt
accusative	ǿran	ǿra	ǿrt
dative	{{{2}}}um	ǿrri	{{{2}}}u
genitive	ǿrs	ǿrrar	ǿrs

plural	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	ǿrir	ǿrar	{{{2}}}
accusative	ǿra	ǿrar	{{{2}}}
dative	{{{2}}}um	{{{2}}}um	{{{2}}}um
genitive	ǿrra	ǿrra	ǿrra

Weak declension of superlative of *ungr*
singular	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	ǿri	ǿra	ǿra
accusative	ǿra	{{{2}}}u	ǿra
dative	ǿra	{{{2}}}u	ǿra
genitive	ǿra	{{{2}}}u	ǿra

plural	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	{{{2}}}u	{{{2}}}u	{{{2}}}u
accusative	{{{2}}}u	{{{2}}}u	{{{2}}}u
dative	{{{2}}}um	{{{2}}}um	{{{2}}}um
genitive	{{{2}}}u	{{{2}}}u	{{{2}}}u

and the younger yngr-, formed analogically:

Comparative declension of *ungr*
singular	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	yngri	yngri	yngra
accusative	yngra	yngri	yngra
dative	yngra	yngri	yngra
genitive	yngra	yngri	yngra

plural	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	yngri	yngri	yngri
accusative	yngri	yngri	yngri
dative	yngrum	yngrum	yngrum
genitive	yngri	yngri	yngri

Strong declension of superlative of *ungr*
singular	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	yngrr	{{{2}}}	yngrt
accusative	yngran	yngra	yngrt
dative	{{{2}}}um	yngrri	{{{2}}}u
genitive	yngrs	yngrrar	yngrs

plural	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	yngrir	yngrar	{{{2}}}
accusative	yngra	yngrar	{{{2}}}
dative	{{{2}}}um	{{{2}}}um	{{{2}}}um
genitive	yngrra	yngrra	yngrra

Weak declension of superlative of *ungr*
singular	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	yngri	yngra	yngra
accusative	yngra	{{{2}}}u	yngra
dative	yngra	{{{2}}}u	yngra
genitive	yngra	{{{2}}}u	yngra

plural	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	{{{2}}}u	{{{2}}}u	{{{2}}}u
accusative	{{{2}}}u	{{{2}}}u	{{{2}}}u
dative	{{{2}}}um	{{{2}}}um	{{{2}}}um
genitive	{{{2}}}u	{{{2}}}u	{{{2}}}u

Descendants

Icelandic: ungur
Faroese: ungur
Norwegian Nynorsk: ung; (dialectal) ong
Elfdalian: ungg
Old Swedish: unger
- Swedish: ung
Old Danish: ungær, ung
- Danish: ung
  - Norwegian Bokmål: ung
Gutnish: unggar
Scanian: onger

Further reading

Zoëga, Geir T. (1910) “ungr”, in A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press; also available at the Internet Archive