utu

See also: Appendix:Variations of "utu"

Translingual

Etymology

From English Utu.

Symbol

utu

  1. (international standards) ISO 639-3 language code for Utu.

See also

  • Wiktionary’s coverage of Utu terms

English

Etymology

Borrowed from Maori utu.

Noun

utu (uncountable)

  1. (New Zealand) Compensation for a wrong suffered; reciprocal exchange or payment; (loosely), payback, revenge. [from 19th c.]
    • 2003, Michael King, The Penguin History of Aotearoa New Zealand, Penguin, published 2023, page 68:
      Utu determined that relations among individuals, and between families, communities and tribes, were governed by mutual obligation and an implicit keeping of social accounts […] .
    • 2008, Christina Thompson, Come on Shore and We Will Kill and Eat You All, Bloomsbury, published 2009, page 129:
      Utu demanded that both favors and grievances be repaid in kind, but it was the grievances, naturally, that caused the most trouble.
    • 2011 September 19, Andrew Alderson, New Zealand Herald:
      The match had been touted as a chance for utu after the 1999 and 2007 All Blacks World Cup defeats.

Buginese

Etymology

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kutu, from Proto-Austronesian *kuCu.

Noun

utu

  1. louse (insect)

Finnish

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *utu, probably borrowed from Proto-Germanic [Term?] (compare Icelandic úði (“drizzle”)).[1]

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈutu/, [ˈut̪u]
  • Rhymes: -utu
  • Syllabification(key): u‧tu
  • Hyphenation(key): utu

Noun

utu

  1. haze, mist (of water vapor)

Usage notes

  • The words sumu, usva and utu all describe "water vapor lightly suspended near the ground", but – strictly speaking – at different degrees. However, they may often be used synonymously with no discretion.
    • Utu describes very light vapor near the ground, especially that occurring in the morning and therefore it is translated usually as "mist" or "haze".
    • Usva describes a bit thicker vapor than utu near the ground, especially when considering the water travelling conditions. Therefore, it is translated usually as "mist", "haze" or "fog".
    • Sumu describes very thick vapor obscuring the visibility near the ground and thus, it is translated usually as "mist" or "fog".
  • utu is used for haze caused by water vapor - if the haze is caused by something else, it is called auer.

Declension

Inflection of utu (Kotus type 1*F/valo, t-d gradation)
nominative utu udut
genitive udun utujen
partitive utua utuja
illative utuun utuihin
singular plural
nominative utu udut
accusative nom. utu udut
gen. udun
genitive udun utujen
partitive utua utuja
inessive udussa uduissa
elative udusta uduista
illative utuun utuihin
adessive udulla uduilla
ablative udulta uduilta
allative udulle uduille
essive utuna utuina
translative uduksi uduiksi
abessive udutta uduitta
instructive — uduin
comitative See the possessive forms below.
Possessive forms of utu (Kotus type 1*F/valo, t-d gradation)
first-person singular possessor
singular plural
nominative utuni utuni
accusative nom. utuni utuni
gen. utuni
genitive utuni utujeni
partitive utuani utujani
inessive udussani uduissani
elative udustani uduistani
illative utuuni utuihini
adessive udullani uduillani
ablative udultani uduiltani
allative udulleni uduilleni
essive utunani utuinani
translative udukseni uduikseni
abessive uduttani uduittani
instructive — —
comitative — utuineni
second-person singular possessor
singular plural
nominative utusi utusi
accusative nom. utusi utusi
gen. utusi
genitive utusi utujesi
partitive utuasi utujasi
inessive udussasi uduissasi
elative udustasi uduistasi
illative utuusi utuihisi
adessive udullasi uduillasi
ablative udultasi uduiltasi
allative udullesi uduillesi
essive utunasi utuinasi
translative uduksesi uduiksesi
abessive uduttasi uduittasi
instructive — —
comitative — utuinesi
first-person plural possessor
singular plural
nominative utumme utumme
accusative nom. utumme utumme
gen. utumme
genitive utumme utujemme
partitive utuamme utujamme
inessive udussamme uduissamme
elative udustamme uduistamme
illative utuumme utuihimme
adessive udullamme uduillamme
ablative udultamme uduiltamme
allative udullemme uduillemme
essive utunamme utuinamme
translative uduksemme uduiksemme
abessive uduttamme uduittamme
instructive — —
comitative — utuinemme
second-person plural possessor
singular plural
nominative utunne utunne
accusative nom. utunne utunne
gen. utunne
genitive utunne utujenne
partitive utuanne utujanne
inessive udussanne uduissanne
elative udustanne uduistanne
illative utuunne utuihinne
adessive udullanne uduillanne
ablative udultanne uduiltanne
allative udullenne uduillenne
essive utunanne utuinanne
translative uduksenne uduiksenne
abessive uduttanne uduittanne
instructive — —
comitative — utuinenne
third-person possessor
singular plural
nominative utunsa utunsa
accusative nom. utunsa utunsa
gen. utunsa
genitive utunsa utujensa
partitive utuaan
utuansa 		utujaan
utujansa
inessive udussaan
udussansa 		uduissaan
uduissansa
elative udustaan
udustansa 		uduistaan
uduistansa
illative utuunsa utuihinsa
adessive udullaan
udullansa 		uduillaan
uduillansa
ablative udultaan
udultansa 		uduiltaan
uduiltansa
allative udulleen
udullensa 		uduilleen
uduillensa
essive utunaan
utunansa 		utuinaan
utuinansa
translative udukseen
uduksensa 		uduikseen
uduiksensa
abessive uduttaan
uduttansa 		uduittaan
uduittansa
instructive — —
comitative — utuineen
utuinensa

Derived terms

compounds

See also

References

  1. ^ Junttila, Santeri, Kallio, Petri, Holopainen, Sampsa, Kuokkala, Juha, Pystynen, Juho, editors (2020–), “utu”, in Suomen vanhimman sanaston etymologinen verkkosanakirja‎[1] (in Finnish), retrieved 1 January 2024

Further reading

Anagrams

Galoli

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kutu.

Noun

utu

  1. louse

Ingrian

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *utu. Cognates include Finnish utu and Estonian udu.

Pronunciation

Noun

utu

  1. synonym of tomakka

Declension

Declension of utu (type 4/koivu, t- gradation, gemination)
singular plural
nominative utu uut
genitive uun uttuin, utuloin
partitive uttua utuja, utuloja
illative uttuu uttui, utuloihe
inessive uus uuis, utulois
elative uust uuist, utuloist
allative uulle uuille, utuloille
adessive uul uuil, utuloil
ablative uult uuilt, utuloilt
translative uuks uuiks, utuloiks
essive utunna, uttuun utuinna, utuloinna, uttuin, utuloin
exessive1) utunt utuint, utuloint
1) obsolete
*) the accusative corresponds with either the genitive (sg) or nominative (pl)
**) the comitative is formed by adding the suffix -ka? or -kä? to the genitive.

References

  • Ruben E. Nirvi (1971) Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 620

Maori

Etymology

From Proto-Polynesian, from Proto-Oceanic, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *utuŋ (compare Hawaiian uku, Malay untung).

Noun

utu

  1. pay; payment; salary
  2. revenge; payback

Verb

utu (passive utua or utungia)

  1. to pay
  2. to reply; to answer

Usage notes

  • Describes reciprocal obligations.

Descendants

  • → English: utu, hoot

References

  • “utu” in John C. Moorfield, Te Aka: Maori–English, English–Maori Dictionary and Index, 3rd edition, Longman/Pearson Education New Zealand, 2011, →ISBN.

Pali

Alternative forms

Alternative scripts
  • 𑀉𑀢𑀼 (Brahmi script)
  • उतु (Devanagari script)
  • উতু (Bengali script)
  • උතු (Sinhalese script)
  • ဥတု or ဢုတု (Burmese script)
  • อุตุ (Thai script)
  • ᩏᨲᩩ (Tai Tham script)
  • ອຸຕຸ (Lao script)
  • ឧតុ (Khmer script)
  • 𑄃𑄪𑄖𑄪 (Chakma script)

Etymology

From Sanskrit ऋतु (ṛtu, “appointed time”).

Noun

utu m or n

  1. season, time
  2. season (one of the three seasons of the year)

Declension

Declension table of "utu" (masculine)
Case \ NumberSingularPlural
Nominative (first)utuutavo or utū
Accusative (second)utuṃutavo or utū
Instrumental (third)utunāutūhi or utūbhi
Dative (fourth)utussa or utunoutūnaṃ
Ablative (fifth)utusmā or utumhāutūhi or utūbhi
Genitive (sixth)utussa or utunoutūnaṃ
Locative (seventh)utusmiṃ or utumhiutūsu
Vocative (calling)utuutave or utavo
Declension table of "utu" (neuter)
Case \ NumberSingularPlural
Nominative (first)utuutūni or utū
Accusative (second)utuṃutūni or utū
Instrumental (third)utunāutūhi or utūbhi
Dative (fourth)utussa or utunoutūnaṃ
Ablative (fifth)utusmā or utumhāutūhi or utūbhi
Genitive (sixth)utussa or utunoutūnaṃ
Locative (seventh)utusmiṃ or utumhiutūsu
Vocative (calling)utuutūni or utū

Noun

utu m

  1. menses

Declension

Declension table of "utu" (masculine)
Case \ NumberSingularPlural
Nominative (first)utuutavo or utū
Accusative (second)utuṃutavo or utū
Instrumental (third)utunāutūhi or utūbhi
Dative (fourth)utussa or utunoutūnaṃ
Ablative (fifth)utusmā or utumhāutūhi or utūbhi
Genitive (sixth)utussa or utunoutūnaṃ
Locative (seventh)utusmiṃ or utumhiutūsu
Vocative (calling)utuutave or utavo

References

  • Pali Text Society (1921–1925) “utu”, in Pali-English Dictionary‎, London: Chipstead

Sumerian

Romanization

utu

  1. romanization of 𒌓 (utu)

Swahili

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Bantu *bʊ̀ntʊ̀.

Pronunciation

  • Audio (Kenya):(file)

Noun

utu class XI (no plural)

  1. humanity, human nature, ubuntu

Ternate

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): [ˈu.tu]

Verb

utu

  1. (transitive) to harvest
Conjugation
Conjugation of utu
singular plural
inclusive exclusive
1st person toutu foutu miutu
2nd person noutu niutu
3rd
person 		masculine outu iutu
youtu (archaic)
feminine moutu
neuter iutu

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): [ˈu.tu]

Noun

utu

  1. a kind of small squid

References

  • Rika Hayami-Allen (2001) A descriptive study of the language of Ternate, the northern Moluccas, Indonesia, University of Pittsburgh

Tetum

Etymology

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kutu, compare Indonesian kutu.

Noun

utu

  1. louse

Votic

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *utu.

Pronunciation

  • (Luutsa, Liivtšülä) IPA(key): /ˈutu/, [ˈutu]
  • Rhymes: -utu
  • Hyphenation: u‧tu

Noun

utu

  1. fog

Inflection

Declension of utu (type II/võrkko, t-d gradation)
singular plural
nominative utu udud
genitive udu utujõ, utui
partitive uttua utuitõ, utui
illative uttusõ, uttu utuisõ
inessive uduz utuiz
elative udussõ utuissõ
allative udulõ utuilõ
adessive udullõ utuillõ
ablative udultõ utuiltõ
translative udussi utuissi
*) the accusative corresponds with either the genitive (sg) or nominative (pl)
**) the terminative is formed by adding the suffix -ssaa to the short illative (sg) or the genitive.
***) the comitative is formed by adding the suffix -ka to the genitive.

References

  • Hallap, V., Adler, E., Grünberg, S., Leppik, M. (2012) “utu”, in Vadja keele sõnaraamat [A dictionary of the Votic language], 2nd edition, Tallinn

West Makian

Etymology 1

Possibly compare Ternate wito, Sahu itomo.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈu.t̪u/

Verb

utu

  1. (transitive) to push
Conjugation
Conjugation of utu (action verb)
singular plural
inclusive exclusive
1st person toutu moutu autu
2nd person noutu foutu
3rd person inanimate iutu doutu
animate
imperative nuutu, utu fuutu, utu

Etymology 2

Cognate with Ternate utu (“root”).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈu.t̪u/

Noun

utu

  1. root (of a tree), vein

References

  • Clemens Voorhoeve (1982) The Makian languages and their neighbours‎[3], Pacific linguistics

Ye'kwana

Etymology

From Proto-Cariban *utu (“to give, to put”).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): [utu]

Verb

utu

  1. (transitive) to give

References

  • Cáceres, Natalia (2011) “utu”, in Grammaire Fonctionnelle-Typologique du Ye’kwana‎[4], Lyon
  • Hall, Katherine Lee (1988) The morphosyntax of discourse in De'kwana Carib, volumes I and II, Saint Louis, Missouri: PhD Thesis, Washington University, pages 219, 315, 400: “utu:du 'to give' […] -utu- 'give' […] utu:du - to give”
  • Hall, Katherine (2007) “utūdu”, in Mary Ritchie Key & Bernard Comrie, editors, The Intercontinental Dictionary Series‎[5], Leipzig: Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, published 2021

Zazaki

Noun

utu m

  1. iron (device for pressing clothes)
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