vẹn

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 完 (“complete”, SV: hoàn).

Its likely ancestor, 完 (LHC *ɣuɑn) (in Schuessler's 2009 reconstruction), would have regularly yielded **vèn; its attested nặng-tone resulted from either borrowing from a regional Chinese dialect (see tạnh), or indirect borrowing (see tiếng), or an irregular pre-Middle Chinese sound change (see nhặng and mựa).

• (Hà Nội) IPA^(key): [vɛn˧˨ʔ]
• (Huế) IPA^(key): [vɛŋ˨˩ʔ]
• (Saigon) IPA^(key): [vɛŋ˨˩˨] ~ [jɛŋ˨˩˨]

vẹn • (院, 援, 愋)

1. (literary) to keep (one's promise); to be true to
2. to be complete; to be intact; to be whole