Egyptian
Etymology
Possibly from a form such as Proto-Afroasiatic *wrḳ-.[1] If so, cognate with Proto-Semitic *waraq- (“green”).
Pronunciation
- (verb): (reconstructed) IPA(key): /ˈwaːʀacʼ/ → /ˈwaːʀatʼ/ → /ˈwaːʔətʼ/ → /ˈwoːʔətʼ/
- (adjective): (reconstructed) IPA(key): /ˈwaːʀicʼ/ → /ˈwaːʀitʼ/ → /ˈwaːʔətʼ/ → /ˈwoːʔətʼ/
Noun
m
- papyrus stem (with an umbel)
- symbol of Lower Egypt
Inflection
Declension of wꜣḏ (masculine)
| singular
|
wꜣḏ
|
| dual
|
wꜣḏwj
|
| plural
|
wꜣḏw
|
Alternative hieroglyphic writings of wꜣḏ
Noun
m
- (usually in the plural) a papyriform column or pillar
Inflection
Declension of wꜣḏ (masculine)
| singular
|
wꜣḏ
|
| dual
|
wꜣḏwj
|
| plural
|
wꜣḏw
|
Noun
m
- a papyrus-stem-shaped amulet conveying freshness and vigour
Inflection
Declension of wꜣḏ (masculine)
| singular
|
wꜣḏ
|
| dual
|
wꜣḏwj
|
| plural
|
wꜣḏw
|
Alternative hieroglyphic writings of wꜣḏ
Verb
3-lit.
- (intransitive) to be(come) green
- (intransitive) to be(come) fresh
- (intransitive) to thrive, to flourish
Inflection
Conjugation of wꜣḏ (triliteral / 3-lit. / 3rad.) — base stem: wꜣḏ, geminated stem: wꜣḏḏ
| infinitival forms
|
imperative
|
| infinitive
|
negatival complement
|
complementary infinitive1
|
singular
|
plural
|
wꜣḏ
|
wꜣḏw, wꜣḏ
|
wꜣḏt
|
wꜣḏ
|
wꜣḏ
|
| ‘pseudoverbal’ forms
|
| stative stem
|
periphrastic imperfective2
|
periphrastic prospective2
|
wꜣḏ
|
ḥr wꜣḏ
|
m wꜣḏ
|
r wꜣḏ
|
| suffix conjugation
|
| aspect / mood
|
active
|
contingent
|
| aspect / mood
|
active
|
| perfect
|
wꜣḏ.n
|
consecutive
|
wꜣḏ.jn
|
| terminative
|
wꜣḏt
|
| perfective3
|
wꜣḏ
|
obligative1
|
wꜣḏ.ḫr
|
| imperfective
|
wꜣḏ
|
| prospective3
|
wꜣḏ
|
potentialis1
|
wꜣḏ.kꜣ
|
| subjunctive
|
wꜣḏ
|
| verbal adjectives
|
| aspect / mood
|
relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms
|
participles
|
| active
|
active
|
passive
|
| perfect
|
wꜣḏ.n
|
—
|
—
|
| perfective
|
wꜣḏ
|
wꜣḏ
|
wꜣḏ, wꜣḏw5, wꜣḏy5
|
| imperfective
|
wꜣḏ, wꜣḏy, wꜣḏw5
|
wꜣḏ, wꜣḏj6, wꜣḏy6
|
wꜣḏ, wꜣḏw5
|
| prospective
|
wꜣḏ, wꜣḏtj7
|
wꜣḏtj4, wꜣḏt4
|
1 Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian.
2 Used mostly since Middle Egyptian.
3 Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective.
4 Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn.
5 Only in the masculine singular.
6 Only in the masculine.
7 Only in the feminine.
|
Alternative hieroglyphic writings of wꜣḏ
Derived terms
Descendants
- Bohairic Coptic: ⲟⲩⲱⲧ (ouōt)
- Sahidic Coptic: ⲟⲩⲱⲧ (ouōt)
Adjective
- perfective active participle of wꜣḏ: green, fresh, thriving, vigorous
Inflection
Declension of wꜣḏ (perfective active participle)
|
|
masculine
|
feminine
|
| singular
|
wꜣḏ
|
wꜣḏt
|
| dual
|
wꜣḏwj
|
wꜣḏtj
|
| plural
|
wꜣḏw
|
wꜣḏwt1, wꜣḏt2
|
1 Archaic in Middle Egyptian when modifying a noun.
2 From Middle Egyptian, this feminine singular form was generally used for the plural.
In Late Egyptian, the masculine singular form was used with all nouns.
See under the verb above.
Derived terms
See under the verb above.
Descendants
See also
Noun
m
- malachite
Inflection
Declension of wꜣḏ (masculine)
| singular
|
wꜣḏ
|
| dual
|
wꜣḏwj
|
| plural
|
wꜣḏw
|
Alternative hieroglyphic writings of wꜣḏ
Noun
m
- the happy or fortunate
Inflection
Declension of wꜣḏ (masculine)
| singular
|
wꜣḏ
|
| dual
|
wꜣḏwj
|
| plural
|
wꜣḏw
|
Alternative hieroglyphic writings of wꜣḏ
Noun
m
- offspring, generally in reference to the king as son of a god or Horus as son of Osiris
Inflection
Declension of wꜣḏ (masculine)
| singular
|
wꜣḏ
|
| dual
|
wꜣḏwj
|
| plural
|
wꜣḏw
|
Alternative hieroglyphic writings of wꜣḏ
Noun
m
- green plants in general
Inflection
Declension of wꜣḏ (masculine)
| singular
|
wꜣḏ
|
| dual
|
wꜣḏwj
|
| plural
|
wꜣḏw
|
Alternative hieroglyphic writings of wꜣḏ
Noun
m
- grain
Inflection
Declension of wꜣḏ (masculine)
| singular
|
wꜣḏ
|
| dual
|
wꜣḏwj
|
| plural
|
wꜣḏw
|
Alternative hieroglyphic writings of wꜣḏ
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Loprieno, Antonio (1995) Ancient Egyptian: A Linguistic Introduction, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, pages 31–32