xoxo
English
Alternative forms
Etymology
From use of X/x to mean “kiss” and O/o to mean “hug”. Use of “X” to indicate a kiss attested since 1763,[1][2] preceded by medieval use of an “X”, which was then kissed by illiterates to indicate a signature.[3] Use of “O” is more recent, and presumably created by analogy (e.g., X/O in tic-tac-toe). Speculative theories on precise origins abound, including folk etymologies (for example, the notion that the X represents the crossed arms of a hug and that the O represents the pursed lips of a kiss).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ɛksəʊɛksəʊ]
Noun
xoxo
- Abbreviation of hugs and kisses, usually placed at the end of a letter.
- Synonyms: 88, X's and O's
Related terms
References
- ^ OED: “X”. 1763 Gilbert White Letter (1901) I. vii. 132, I am with many a xxxxxxx and many a Pater noster and Ave Maria, Gil. White.
- ^ Douglas Harper (2001–2025) “X”, in Online Etymology Dictionary.
- ^ How Stuff Works: How Valentine's Day Works
Ewe
Etymology
From Proto-Gbe *χoχó.[1] Cognates include Fon xóxó, Gun hóhó, Saxwe Gbe xíxó and Adja xoxu.
Adjective
xoxo
Adverb
xoxo
References
- ^ Capo, Hounkpati B.C. (1991) A Comparative Phonology of Gbe (Publications in African Languages and Linguistics; 14), Berlin/New York, Garome, Benin: Foris Publications & Labo Gbe (Int), page 220
Gun
Alternative forms
Etymology
From Proto-Gbe *χoχó.[1] Cognates include Fon xóxó, Saxwe Gbe xíxó, Adja xoxu, Ewe xoxo
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /xó.xó/
Verb
xóxó (Benin)
- to be old
References
- ^ Capo, Hounkpati B.C. (1991) A Comparative Phonology of Gbe (Publications in African Languages and Linguistics; 14), Berlin/New York, Garome, Benin: Foris Publications & Labo Gbe (Int), page 220
Mapudungun
Adjective
xoxo (Raguileo spelling)
References
- Wixaleyiñ: Mapucezugun-wigkazugun pici hemvlcijka (Wixaleyiñ: Small Mapudungun-Spanish dictionary), Beretta, Marta; Cañumil, Dario; Cañumil, Tulio, 2008.
Portuguese
Verb
xoxo
- first-person singular present indicative of xoxar
Venetan
Alternative forms
Etymology
Inherited from Late Latin iōsum, from Classical Latin deorsum.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ˈz̠oːz̠o̞]
Adverb
xóxo
References
- AIS: Sprach- und Sachatlas Italiens und der Südschweiz [Linguistic and Ethnographic Atlas of Italy and Southern Switzerland] – map 1611: “scendete laggiù!” – on navigais-web.pd.istc.cnr.it