xoxo

English

Alternative forms

Etymology

From use of X/x to mean “kiss” and O/o to mean “hug”. Use of “X” to indicate a kiss attested since 1763,[1][2] preceded by medieval use of an “X”, which was then kissed by illiterates to indicate a signature.[3] Use of “O” is more recent, and presumably created by analogy (e.g., X/O in tic-tac-toe). Speculative theories on precise origins abound, including folk etymologies (for example, the notion that the X represents the crossed arms of a hug and that the O represents the pursed lips of a kiss).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): [ɛksəʊɛksəʊ]

Noun

xoxo

  1. Abbreviation of hugs and kisses, usually placed at the end of a letter.
    Synonyms: 88, X's and O's

References

  1. ^ OED: “X”. 1763 Gilbert White Letter (1901) I. vii. 132, I am with many a xxxxxxx and many a Pater noster and Ave Maria, Gil. White.
  2. ^ Douglas Harper (2001–2025) “X”, in Online Etymology Dictionary.
  3. ^ How Stuff Works: How Valentine's Day Works

Ewe

Etymology

From Proto-Gbe *χoχó.[1] Cognates include Fon xóxó, Gun hóhó, Saxwe Gbe xíxó and Adja xoxu.

Adjective

xoxo

  1. old

Adverb

xoxo

  1. already

References

  1. ^ Capo, Hounkpati B.C. (1991) A Comparative Phonology of Gbe (Publications in African Languages and Linguistics; 14), Berlin/New York, Garome, Benin: Foris Publications & Labo Gbe (Int), page 220

Gun

Alternative forms

Etymology

From Proto-Gbe *χoχó.[1] Cognates include Fon xóxó, Saxwe Gbe xíxó, Adja xoxu, Ewe xoxo

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /xó.xó/

Verb

xóxó (Benin)

  1. to be old

References

  1. ^ Capo, Hounkpati B.C. (1991) A Comparative Phonology of Gbe (Publications in African Languages and Linguistics; 14), Berlin/New York, Garome, Benin: Foris Publications & Labo Gbe (Int), page 220

Mapudungun

Adjective

xoxo (Raguileo spelling)

  1. convex

References

  • Wixaleyiñ: Mapucezugun-wigkazugun pici hemvlcijka (Wixaleyiñ: Small Mapudungun-Spanish dictionary), Beretta, Marta; Cañumil, Dario; Cañumil, Tulio, 2008.

Portuguese

Verb

xoxo

  1. first-person singular present indicative of xoxar

Venetan

Alternative forms

Etymology

Inherited from Late Latin iōsum, from Classical Latin deorsum.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): [ˈz̠oːz̠o̞]

Adverb

xóxo

  1. down
    Antonym: suxo

References

  • AIS: Sprach- und Sachatlas Italiens und der Südschweiz [Linguistic and Ethnographic Atlas of Italy and Southern Switzerland] – map 1611: “scendete laggiù!” – on navigais-web.pd.istc.cnr.it