There's another thread that discusses answers in addition to the display and bitmap troubleshooting options you mention (Windows 10 Remote Desktop Connects with Black Screen then Disconnects).
Ranges from downloading RDC Manager ,(https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/sysinternals/downloads/rdcman) to pressing or triggering (if a VM) CTRL+ALT+DEL to bring up the login screen.
One answer mentions using group policy editor and disabling UDP, "Use the Group Policy Editor (or download the superior "Policy Plus"), and disable UDP. You can find this in policy rds/client or rds/host/connection/select protocols, or in the registry at SOFTWARE\Policies\Microsoft\Windows NT\Terminal Services\Client"
A server fault post discusses a similar problem: https://serverfault.com/questions/220437/remote-desktop-connection-screen-is-totally-black-but-server-is-working-perfectl, but points to a Microsoft KB article (https://docs.microsoft.com/en-US/troubleshoot/windows-server/remote/a-black-screen-appears-while-sign) that mentions the symptoms and resolution:
Symptoms
While sign in into a remote server by using remote desktop, the following issues may occur:
A slow sign-in process.
A black screen appears for a while, until the regular desktop appears.
Resolution
Disable the use of Bitmap Caching on the Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP) >client.
Verify that the server, client, and the network equipment using the "MTU" >size.
In my experience, these types of issues can be somewhat hit or miss and it may be worth checking event viewer to see if there's another, unforeseen underlying issue. But, when using RDP, if I encounter the issue and in the interest of time, the typical remedial action is to try ctrl+alt+del, try and access the task manager to re-run explorer.exe or reboot the offending computer.
Hopefully that helps.