αἰκίζω

Attic form of Epic Greek ἀεικίζω (aeikízō). By surface analysis, αἰκής (aikḗs) +‎ -ίζω (-ízō).

αἰκίζω • (aikízō)

1. to maltreat, mistreat, injure, plague, torment
   • 497 BCE – 405 BCE, Sophocles, Ajax 403-405:

     ἀλλά μ᾽ ἁ Διὸς ἀλκίμα θεὸς ὀλέθρι᾽ αἰκίζει.

     allá m’ ha Diòs alkíma theòs oléthri’ aikízei.

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

   • 497 BCE – 405 BCE, Sophocles, Trachiniae 835-837:

     φάσματι; μελαγχαίτα δʼ ἄμμιγά νιν αἰκίζει Νέσσου ὑποφόνια δολιόμυθα κέντρʼ ἐπιζέσαντα

     phásmati? melankhaíta d ámmigá nin aikízei Néssou hupophónia doliómutha kéntr epizésanta

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

   • 525 BCE – 455 BCE, Aeschylus, Prometheus Bound 197:

     πάντʼ ἐκκάλυψον καὶ γέγωνʼ ἡμῖν λόγον, ποίῳ λαβών σε Ζεὺς ἐπʼ αἰτιάματι, οὕτως ἀτίμως καὶ πικρῶς αἰκίζεται· δίδαξον ἡμᾶς, εἴ τι μὴ βλάπτει λόγῳ

     pánt ekkálupson kaì gégōn hēmîn lógon, poíōi labṓn se Zeùs ep aitiámati, hoútōs atímōs kaì pikrôs aikízetai; dídaxon hēmâs, eí ti mḕ bláptei lógōi

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

   • 95 CE – 165 CE, Appian, The Mithridatic Wars 90:

     καί τις ἀνὴρ Ῥωμαῖος, ἀπὸ βουλῆς, Ἀττίδιος ὄνομα, διὰ δίκην φυγὼν ἐκ τῆς πατρίδος ἐς Μιθριδάτην πρὸ πολλοῦ καὶ φιλίας ἀξιούμενος, ἑάλω τότε ἐπιβουλεύων αὐτῷ. καὶ τόνδε μὲν ὁ βασιλεὺς οὐ δικαιῶν βασανίσαι, Ῥωμαίων ποτὲ βουλευτὴν γενόμενον, ἔκτεινε, τοὺς δὲ συναμαρτόντας ᾐκίσατο δεινῶς

     kaí tis anḕr Rhōmaîos, apò boulês, Attídios ónoma, dià díkēn phugṑn ek tês patrídos es Mithridátēn prò polloû kaì philías axioúmenos, heálō tóte epibouleúōn autōî. kaì tónde mèn ho basileùs ou dikaiôn basanísai, Rhōmaíōn potè bouleutḕn genómenon, ékteine, toùs dè sunamartóntas ēikísato deinôs

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

   1. (of a storm) to mar, damage, spoil
      • 442 BCE, Sophocles, Antigone 417-421:

        καὶ τότ᾽ ἐξαίφνης χθονὸς τυφὼς ἀείρας σκηπτόν οὐράνιον ἄχος, πίμπλησι πεδίον, πᾶσαν αἰκίζων φόβην ὕλης πεδιάδος, ἐν δ᾽ ἐμεστώθη μέγας αἰθήρ

        kaì tót’ exaíphnēs khthonòs tuphṑs aeíras skēptón ouránion ákhos, pímplēsi pedíon, pâsan aikízōn phóbēn húlēs pediádos, en d’ emestṓthē mégas aithḗr

        (please add an English translation of this quotation)

2. (passive voice, rarely in present, more common in aorist) to be tortured
   • 445 BCE – 380 BCE, Lysias, Against Andocides 6.27:

     τοσαύτην γὰρ ὁ θεὸς λήθην ἔδωκεν, ὥστε εἰς τοὺς ἠδικημένους αὐτοὺς ἐπεθύμησεν ἀφικέσθαι. ἀφικόμενος δὲ ἐδέθη καὶ ᾐκίσθη, ἀπώλετο δὲ οὐχί, ἀλλ᾽ ἐλύθη.

     tosaútēn gàr ho theòs lḗthēn édōken, hṓste eis toùs ēdikēménous autoùs epethúmēsen aphikésthai. aphikómenos dè edéthē kaì ēikísthē, apṓleto dè oukhí, all’ elúthē.

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

   • 436 BCE – 338 BCE, Isocrates, Panegyricus 4:

     ὡς δʼ ἁπλῶς εἰπεῖν καὶ μὴ καθʼ ἓν ἕκαστον ἀλλʼ ὡς ἐπὶ τὸ πολύ, τίς ἢ τῶν πολεμησάντων αὐτοῖς οὐκ εὐδαιμονήσας ἀπῆλθεν, ἢ τῶν ὑπʼ ἐκείνοις γενομένων οὐκ αἰκισθεὶς τὸν βίον ἐτελεύτησεν; οὐ Κόνωνα μέν

     hōs d haplôs eipeîn kaì mḕ kath hèn hékaston all hōs epì tò polú, tís ḕ tôn polemēsántōn autoîs ouk eudaimonḗsas apêlthen, ḕ tôn hup ekeínois genoménōn ouk aikistheìs tòn bíon eteleútēsen? ou Kónōna mén

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

The verb is often used in the middle voice.

• καταικίζω (kataikízō)

• “αἰκίζω”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “αἰκίζω”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
• αἰκίζω in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
• αἰκίζω in the Diccionario Griego–Español en línea (2006–2025)
• αἰκίζω, in ΛΟΓΕΙΟΝ [Logeion] Dictionaries for Ancient Greek and Latin (in English, French, Spanish, German, Dutch and Chinese), University of Chicago, since 2011