αἰσθάνομαι
See also: αισθάνομαι
Ancient Greek
Alternative forms
- αἴσθομαι (aísthomai)
Etymology
From Proto-Hellenic *awistʰomai, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ewis-dʰh₁-, from *h₂ew- (“to see, perceive”), from which also comes ἀΐω (aḯō). Cognates include Latin audiō (“I hear”), Sanskrit आविस् (āvís, “openly, manifestly, evidently”), and Hittite 𒌋𒀪𒄭 (u-uḫ-ḫi, “I see”).[1]
Pronunciation
- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /ai̯s.tʰá.no.mai̯/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /ɛsˈtʰa.no.mɛ/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /ɛsˈθa.no.mɛ/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /esˈθa.no.me/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /esˈθa.no.me/
Verb
αἰσθᾰ́νομαι • (aisthắnomai)
- (transitive) to perceive, apprehend, notice [with genitive or accusative ‘something’; or with nominative participle ‘oneself doing, that one is doing’; or with genitive ‘someone’ and genitive ‘doing something’; or with ὅτι (hóti) or ὡς (hōs, + verb) ‘that ...’]
- 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, 2 51.4:
- δεινότατον δὲ παντὸς ἦν τοῦ κακοῦ ἥ τε ἀθυμία ὁπότε τις αἴσθοιτο κάμνων
- deinótaton dè pantòs ên toû kakoû hḗ te athumía hopóte tis aísthoito kámnōn
- The most horrible misery of all was the despair when someone felt themselves getting sick
- δεινότατον δὲ παντὸς ἦν τοῦ κακοῦ ἥ τε ἀθυμία ὁπότε τις αἴσθοιτο κάμνων
- 445 BCE – 380 BCE, Lysias, For Mantitheus 20:
- ἤδη δέ τινων ᾐσθόμην, ὦ βουλή, καὶ διὰ ταῦτα ἀχθομένων μοι, ὅτι νεώτερος ὢν ἐπεχείρησα λέγειν ἐν τῷ δήμῳ.
- ḗdē dé tinōn ēisthómēn, ô boulḗ, kaì dià taûta akhthoménōn moi, hóti neṓteros ṑn epekheírēsa légein en tōî dḗmōi.
- I have by now observed, council, that some people are annoyed at me that I am too young to attempt speaking in public.
- ἤδη δέ τινων ᾐσθόμην, ὦ βουλή, καὶ διὰ ταῦτα ἀχθομένων μοι, ὅτι νεώτερος ὢν ἐπεχείρησα λέγειν ἐν τῷ δήμῳ.
- 428 BCE – 347 BCE, Plato, Theag. 122c:
- αἰσθώμεθα γελοῖοι ὄντες
- aisthṓmetha geloîoi óntes
- we may see that we are ridiculous
- αἰσθώμεθα γελοῖοι ὄντες
- (ambitransitive) to understand
- (transitive) to learn
Inflection
Present: αἰσθάνομαι
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| middle/ passive |
indicative | αἰσθάνομαι | αἰσθάνῃ / αἰσθάνει | αἰσθάνεται | αἰσθάνεσθον | αἰσθάνεσθον | αἰσθανόμεθᾰ | αἰσθάνεσθε | αἰσθάνονται | ||||
| subjunctive | αἰσθάνωμαι | αἰσθάνῃ | αἰσθάνηται | αἰσθάνησθον | αἰσθάνησθον | αἰσθανώμεθᾰ | αἰσθάνησθε | αἰσθάνωνται | |||||
| optative | αἰσθανοίμην | αἰσθάνοιο | αἰσθάνοιτο | αἰσθάνοισθον | αἰσθανοίσθην | αἰσθανοίμεθᾰ | αἰσθάνοισθε | αἰσθάνοιντο | |||||
| imperative | αἰσθάνου | αἰσθανέσθω | αἰσθάνεσθον | αἰσθανέσθων | αἰσθάνεσθε | αἰσθανέσθων | |||||||
| middle/passive | |||||||||||||
| infinitive | αἰσθάνεσθαι | ||||||||||||
| participle | m | αἰσθανόμενος | |||||||||||
| f | αἰσθανομένη | ||||||||||||
| n | αἰσθανόμενον | ||||||||||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
Imperfect: ᾐσθανόμην
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| middle/ passive |
indicative | ᾐσθανόμην | ᾐσθάνου | ᾐσθάνετο | ᾐσθάνεσθον | ᾐσθανέσθην | ᾐσθανόμεθᾰ | ᾐσθάνεσθε | ᾐσθάνοντο | ||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
Future: αἰσθήσομαι, αἰσθηθήσομαι
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| middle | indicative | αἰσθήσομαι | αἰσθήσῃ / αἰσθήσει | αἰσθήσεται | αἰσθήσεσθον | αἰσθήσεσθον | αἰσθησόμεθᾰ | αἰσθήσεσθε | αἰσθήσονται | ||||
| optative | αἰσθησοίμην | αἰσθήσοιο | αἰσθήσοιτο | αἰσθήσοισθον | αἰσθησοίσθην | αἰσθησοίμεθᾰ | αἰσθήσοισθε | αἰσθήσοιντο | |||||
| passive | indicative | αἰσθηθήσομαι | αἰσθηθήσῃ | αἰσθηθήσεται | αἰσθηθήσεσθον | αἰσθηθήσεσθον | αἰσθηθησόμεθᾰ | αἰσθηθήσεσθε | αἰσθηθήσονται | ||||
| optative | αἰσθηθησοίμην | αἰσθηθήσοιο | αἰσθηθήσοιτο | αἰσθηθήσοισθον | αἰσθηθησοίσθην | αἰσθηθησοίμεθᾰ | αἰσθηθήσοισθε | αἰσθηθήσοιντο | |||||
| middle | passive | ||||||||||||
| infinitive | αἰσθήσεσθαι | αἰσθηθήσεσθαι | |||||||||||
| participle | m | αἰσθησόμενος | αἰσθηθησόμενος | ||||||||||
| f | αἰσθησομένη | αἰσθηθησομένη | |||||||||||
| n | αἰσθησόμενον | αἰσθηθησόμενον | |||||||||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
Future: αἰσθανθήσομαι
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| passive | indicative | αἰσθανθήσομαι | αἰσθανθήσῃ | αἰσθανθήσεται | αἰσθανθήσεσθον | αἰσθανθήσεσθον | αἰσθανθησόμεθᾰ | αἰσθανθήσεσθε | αἰσθανθήσονται | ||||
| optative | αἰσθανθησοίμην | αἰσθανθήσοιο | αἰσθανθήσοιτο | αἰσθανθήσοισθον | αἰσθανθησοίσθην | αἰσθανθησοίμεθᾰ | αἰσθανθήσοισθε | αἰσθανθήσοιντο | |||||
| passive | |||||||||||||
| infinitive | αἰσθανθήσεσθαι | ||||||||||||
| participle | m | αἰσθανθησόμενος | |||||||||||
| f | αἰσθανθησομένη | ||||||||||||
| n | αἰσθανθησόμενον | ||||||||||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
Aorist: ᾐσθόμην, ᾐσθήθην
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| middle | indicative | ᾐσθόμην | ᾔσθου | ᾔσθετο | ᾔσθεσθον | ᾐσθέσθην | ᾐσθόμεθᾰ | ᾔσθεσθε | ᾔσθοντο | ||||
| subjunctive | αἴσθωμαι | αἴσθῃ | αἴσθηται | αἴσθησθον | αἴσθησθον | αἰσθώμεθᾰ | αἴσθησθε | αἴσθωνται | |||||
| optative | αἰσθοίμην | αἴσθοιο | αἴσθοιτο | αἴσθοισθον | αἰσθοίσθην | αἰσθοίμεθᾰ | αἴσθοισθε | αἴσθοιντο | |||||
| imperative | αἰσθοῦ | αἰσθέσθω | αἴσθεσθον | αἰσθέσθων | αἴσθεσθε | αἰσθέσθων | |||||||
| passive | indicative | ᾐσθήθην | ᾐσθήθης | ᾐσθήθη | ᾐσθήθητον | ᾐσθηθήτην | ᾐσθήθημεν | ᾐσθήθητε | ᾐσθήθησᾰν | ||||
| subjunctive | αἰσθηθῶ | αἰσθηθῇς | αἰσθηθῇ | αἰσθηθῆτον | αἰσθηθῆτον | αἰσθηθῶμεν | αἰσθηθῆτε | αἰσθηθῶσῐ(ν) | |||||
| optative | αἰσθηθείην | αἰσθηθείης | αἰσθηθείη | αἰσθηθεῖτον / αἰσθηθείητον | αἰσθηθείτην / αἰσθηθειήτην | αἰσθηθεῖμεν / αἰσθηθείημεν | αἰσθηθεῖτε / αἰσθηθείητε | αἰσθηθεῖεν / αἰσθηθείησᾰν | |||||
| imperative | αἰσθήθητῐ | αἰσθηθήτω | αἰσθήθητον | αἰσθηθήτων | αἰσθήθητε | αἰσθηθέντων | |||||||
| middle | passive | ||||||||||||
| infinitive | αἰσθέσθαι | αἰσθηθῆναι | |||||||||||
| participle | m | αἰσθόμενος | αἰσθηθείς | ||||||||||
| f | αἰσθομένη | αἰσθηθεῖσᾰ | |||||||||||
| n | αἰσθόμενον | αἰσθηθέν | |||||||||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
Aorist: ᾐσθησᾰ́μην, ᾐσθήθην
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| middle | indicative | ᾐσθησᾰ́μην | ᾐσθήσω | ᾐσθήσᾰτο | ᾐσθήσᾰσθον | ᾐσθησᾰ́σθην | ᾐσθησᾰ́μεθᾰ | ᾐσθήσᾰσθε | ᾐσθήσᾰντο | ||||
| subjunctive | αἰσθήσωμαι | αἰσθήσῃ | αἰσθήσηται | αἰσθήσησθον | αἰσθήσησθον | αἰσθησώμεθᾰ | αἰσθήσησθε | αἰσθήσωνται | |||||
| optative | αἰσθησαίμην | αἰσθήσαιο | αἰσθήσαιτο | αἰσθήσαισθον | αἰσθησαίσθην | αἰσθησαίμεθᾰ | αἰσθήσαισθε | αἰσθήσαιντο | |||||
| imperative | αἴσθησαι | αἰσθησᾰ́σθω | αἰσθήσᾰσθον | αἰσθησᾰ́σθων | αἰσθήσᾰσθε | αἰσθησᾰ́σθων | |||||||
| passive | indicative | ᾐσθήθην | ᾐσθήθης | ᾐσθήθη | ᾐσθήθητον | ᾐσθηθήτην | ᾐσθήθημεν | ᾐσθήθητε | ᾐσθήθησᾰν | ||||
| subjunctive | αἰσθηθῶ | αἰσθηθῇς | αἰσθηθῇ | αἰσθηθῆτον | αἰσθηθῆτον | αἰσθηθῶμεν | αἰσθηθῆτε | αἰσθηθῶσῐ(ν) | |||||
| optative | αἰσθηθείην | αἰσθηθείης | αἰσθηθείη | αἰσθηθεῖτον / αἰσθηθείητον | αἰσθηθείτην / αἰσθηθειήτην | αἰσθηθεῖμεν / αἰσθηθείημεν | αἰσθηθεῖτε / αἰσθηθείητε | αἰσθηθεῖεν / αἰσθηθείησᾰν | |||||
| imperative | αἰσθήθητῐ | αἰσθηθήτω | αἰσθήθητον | αἰσθηθήτων | αἰσθήθητε | αἰσθηθέντων | |||||||
| middle | passive | ||||||||||||
| infinitive | αἰσθήσᾰσθαι | αἰσθηθῆναι | |||||||||||
| participle | m | αἰσθησᾰ́μενος | αἰσθηθείς | ||||||||||
| f | αἰσθησᾰμένη | αἰσθηθεῖσᾰ | |||||||||||
| n | αἰσθησᾰ́μενον | αἰσθηθέν | |||||||||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
Perfect: ᾔσθημαι
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| middle/ passive |
indicative | ᾔσθημαι | ᾔσθησαι | ᾔσθηται | ᾔσθησθον | ᾔσθησθον | ᾐσθήμεθᾰ | ᾔσθησθε | ᾔσθηνται | ||||
| subjunctive | ᾐσθημένος ὦ | ᾐσθημένος ᾖς | ᾐσθημένος ᾖ | ᾐσθημένω ἦτον | ᾐσθημένω ἦτον | ᾐσθημένοι ὦμεν | ᾐσθημένοι ἦτε | ᾐσθημένοι ὦσῐ(ν) | |||||
| optative | ᾐσθημένος εἴην | ᾐσθημένος εἴης | ᾐσθημένος εἴη | ᾐσθημένω εἴητον / εἶτον | ᾐσθημένω εἰήτην / εἴτην | ᾐσθημένοι εἴημεν / εἶμεν | ᾐσθημένοι εἴητε / εἶτε | ᾐσθημένοι εἴησᾰν / εἶεν | |||||
| imperative | ᾔσθησο | ᾐσθήσθω | ᾔσθησθον | ᾐσθήσθων | ᾔσθησθε | ᾐσθήσθων | |||||||
| middle/passive | |||||||||||||
| infinitive | ᾐσθῆσθαι | ||||||||||||
| participle | m | ᾐσθημένος | |||||||||||
| f | ᾐσθημένη | ||||||||||||
| n | ᾐσθημένον | ||||||||||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
Pluperfect: ᾐσθήμην
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| middle/ passive |
indicative | ᾐσθήμην | ᾔσθησο | ᾔσθητο | ᾔσθησθον | ᾐσθήσθην | ᾐσθήμεθᾰ | ᾔσθησθε | ᾔσθηντο | ||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
Derived terms
Descendants
- Greek: αισθάνομαι (aisthánomai)
References
- ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “αἰσθάνομαι”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 43
Further reading
- “αἰσθάνομαι”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “αἰσθάνομαι”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- αἰσθάνομαι in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- Bauer, Walter et al. (2001) A Greek–English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, Third edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
- αἰσθάνομαι in the Diccionario Griego–Español en línea (2006–2025)
- G143 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
- αἰσθάνομαι, in ΛΟΓΕΙΟΝ [Logeion] Dictionaries for Ancient Greek and Latin (in English, French, Spanish, German, Dutch and Chinese), University of Chicago, since 2011