αὐστηρός

See also: αυστηρός

Ancient Greek

Alternative forms

αὐσταλέος (austaléos)

Etymology

Derived from αὖος (aûos, “dry”).^[1]

Pronunciation

(5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /au̯s.tɛː.rós/
(1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /aʍs.te̝ˈros/
(4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /aɸs.tiˈros/
(10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /afs.tiˈros/
(15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /afs.tiˈros/

Adjective

αὐστηρός • (austērós) m (feminine αὐστηρᾱ́, neuter αὐστηρόν); first/second declension

astringent, lending to a dry mouthfeel (usually translated as bitter, harsh)

Inflection

First and second declension of αὐστηρός; αὐστηρᾱ́; αὐστηρόν (Attic)

Number	Singular			Dual			Plural
Case/Gender	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	αὐστηρός austērós	αὐστηρᾱ́ austērā́	αὐστηρόν austērón	αὐστηρώ austērṓ	αὐστηρᾱ́ austērā́	αὐστηρώ austērṓ	αὐστηροί austēroí	αὐστηραί austēraí	αὐστηρᾰ́ austērắ
Genitive	αὐστηροῦ austēroû	αὐστηρᾶς austērâs	αὐστηροῦ austēroû	αὐστηροῖν austēroîn	αὐστηραῖν austēraîn	αὐστηροῖν austēroîn	αὐστηρῶν austērôn	αὐστηρῶν austērôn	αὐστηρῶν austērôn
Dative	αὐστηρῷ austērōî	αὐστηρᾷ austērāî	αὐστηρῷ austērōî	αὐστηροῖν austēroîn	αὐστηραῖν austēraîn	αὐστηροῖν austēroîn	αὐστηροῖς austēroîs	αὐστηραῖς austēraîs	αὐστηροῖς austēroîs
Accusative	αὐστηρόν austērón	αὐστηρᾱ́ν austērā́n	αὐστηρόν austērón	αὐστηρώ austērṓ	αὐστηρᾱ́ austērā́	αὐστηρώ austērṓ	αὐστηρούς austēroús	αὐστηρᾱ́ς austērā́s	αὐστηρᾰ́ austērắ
Vocative	αὐστηρέ austēré	αὐστηρᾱ́ austērā́	αὐστηρόν austērón	αὐστηρώ austērṓ	αὐστηρᾱ́ austērā́	αὐστηρώ austērṓ	αὐστηροί austēroí	αὐστηραί austēraí	αὐστηρᾰ́ austērắ
Derived forms	Adverb			Comparative			Superlative
Derived forms	αὐστηρῶς austērôs			αὐστηρότερος austēróteros			αὐστηρότᾰτος austērótătos
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Related terms

αὔω (aúō, “light a fire”)
αὖος (aûos, “dry”)

Descendants

Greek: αυστηρός (afstirós)
→ Latin: austerus (see there for further descendants)

References

^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “αὐσταλέος”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 172

“αὐστηρός”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
“αὐστηρός”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
αὐστηρός in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
αὐστηρός in the Diccionario Griego–Español en línea (2006–2025)
G840 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎^[1], London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
- acid idem, page 8.
- astringent idem, page 48.
- austere idem, page 53.
- harsh idem, page 387.
- rough idem, page 722.
- sour idem, page 796.
- tart idem, page 856.

[1] Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “αὐσταλέος”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 172

[1]