γέγωνα

Ancient Greek

Etymology

Of uncertain origin. Traditionally connected with γιγνώσκω (gignṓskō, “to perceive, observe”); however, the lengthened -ε- (-e-) is left unexplained. A newer theory by Hackstein and Vine, supported by de Vaan, derives the word from Proto-Hellenic *ge-gon-s-, a desiderative from a Proto-Indo-European *ǵh₃en- (“to call”), whence also Tocharian A ken- (“to call”) and perhaps Latin gemō (“to sigh, groan”).[1]

Pronunciation

 

Verb

γέγωνᾰ • (gégōnă) (Epic)

  1. to make one's voice heard
  2. to shout

Conjugation

   Perfect: γέγωνᾰ with present meaning (Epic)
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
active indicative γέγωνᾰ γέγωνᾰς γέγωνε(ν) γεγώνᾰτον γεγώνᾰτον γεγώνᾰμεν γεγώνᾰτε γεγώνᾱσῐ(ν)
subjunctive γεγώνω,
γεγώνωμῐ 		γεγώνῃς,
γεγώνῃσθᾰ 		γεγώνῃ,
γεγώνῃσῐ 		γεγώνητον γεγώνητον γεγώνωμεν γεγώνητε γεγώνωσῐ(ν)
optative γεγώνοιμῐ / γεγωνοίην γεγώνοις / γεγωνοίης γεγώνοι / γεγωνοίη γεγώνοιτον γεγωνοίτην γεγώνοιμεν γεγώνοιτε γεγώνοιεν
imperative   γέγωνε γεγωνέτω γεγώνετον γεγωνέτων   γεγώνετε γεγωνόντων
active
infinitive γεγωνέναι/γεγωνέμεν
participle m γεγωνώς
f γεγωνυῖᾰ
n γεγωνός
Notes:
Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
   Present: γεγωνέω (Epic, uncontracted)
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
active indicative γεγωνέω γεγωνέεις γεγωνέει γεγωνέετον γεγωνέετον γεγωνέομεν γεγωνέετε γεγωνέουσῐ(ν)
subjunctive γεγωνέω,
γεγωνέωμῐ 		γεγωνέῃς,
γεγωνέῃσθᾰ 		γεγωνέῃ,
γεγωνέῃσῐ 		γεγωνέητον γεγωνέητον γεγωνέωμεν γεγωνέητε γεγωνέωσῐ(ν)
optative γεγωνέοιμῐ γεγωνέοισ(θᾰ) γεγωνέοι γεγωνέοιτον γεγωνεοίτην γεγωνέοιμεν γεγωνέοιτε γεγωνέοιεν
imperative   γεγώνεε γεγωνεέτω γεγωνέετον γεγωνεέτων   γεγωνέετε γεγωνεόντων
active
infinitive γεγωνέειν
participle m γεγωνέων
f γεγωνέουσᾰ
n γεγωνέον
Notes:
Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
   Present: γεγωνέω (Epic, contracted)
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
active indicative γεγωνέω γεγωνεῖς γεγωνεῖ γεγωνεῖτον γεγωνεῖτον γεγωνεῦμεν γεγωνεῖτε γεγωνεῦσῐ(ν)
subjunctive γεγωνέω,
γεγωνέωμῐ 		γεγωνῇς,
γεγωνῇσθᾰ 		γεγωνῇ,
γεγωνῇσῐ 		γεγωνῆτον γεγωνῆτον γεγωνέωμεν γεγωνῆτε γεγωνέωσῐ(ν)
optative γεγωνέοιμι γεγωνέοις γεγωνέοι γεγωνέοιτον γεγωνεοίτην γεγωνέοιμεν γεγωνέοιτε γεγωνέοιεν
imperative   γεγώνει γεγωνείτω γεγωνεῖτον γεγωνείτων   γεγωνεῖτε γεγωνεύντων
active
infinitive γεγωνεῖν / γεγωνήμεναι / γεγωνῆναι
participle m γεγωνέων
f γεγωνεῦσᾰ
n γεγωνεῦν
Notes:
Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
   Pluperfect: ἐγεγώνειν / ἐγεγώνη with imperfect meaning (Epic)
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
active indicative ἐγεγώνειν / ἐγεγώνη ἐγεγώνεις / ἐγεγώνης ἐγεγώνει(ν)/ἐγεγώνε(ν) ἐγεγώνετον ἐγεγωνέτην ἐγεγώνεμεν ἐγεγώνετε ἐγεγώνεσᾰν
Notes:
Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
   Pluperfect: γεγώνειν / γεγώνη with imperfect meaning (Epic)
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
active indicative γεγώνειν / γεγώνη γεγώνεις / γεγώνης γεγώνει(ν)/γεγώνε(ν) γεγώνετον γεγωνέτην γεγώνεμεν γεγώνετε γεγώνεσᾰν
Notes:
Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
   Imperfect: γεγώνεον (Epic, uncontracted)
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
active indicative γεγώνεον γεγώνεες γεγώνεε(ν) γεγωνέετον γεγωνεέτην γεγωνέομεν γεγωνέετε γεγώνεον
Notes:
Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
   Imperfect: γεγώνευν (Epic, contracted)
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
active indicative γεγώνευν γεγώνεις γεγώνει γεγωνεῖτον γεγωνείτην γεγωνεῦμεν γεγωνεῖτε γεγώνευν
Notes:
Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
   Imperfect: ἐγεγώνεον (Epic, uncontracted)
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
active indicative ἐγεγώνεον ἐγεγώνεες ἐγεγώνεε(ν) ἐγεγωνέετον ἐγεγωνεέτην ἐγεγωνέομεν ἐγεγωνέετε ἐγεγώνεον
Notes:
Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
   Imperfect: ἐγεγώνευν (Epic, contracted)
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
active indicative ἐγεγώνευν ἐγεγώνεις ἐγεγώνει ἐγεγωνεῖτον ἐγεγωνείτην ἐγεγωνεῦμεν ἐγεγωνεῖτε ἐγεγώνευν
Notes:
Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
   Future: γεγωνήσω (Epic)
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
active indicative γεγωνήσω γεγωνήσεις γεγωνήσει γεγωνήσετον γεγωνήσετον γεγωνήσομεν γεγωνήσετε γεγωνήσουσῐ(ν)
optative γεγωνήσοιμῐ γεγωνήσοισ(θᾰ) γεγωνήσοι γεγωνήσοιτον γεγωνησοίτην γεγωνήσοιμεν γεγωνήσοιτε γεγωνήσοιεν
active
infinitive γεγωνήσειν / γεγωνησέμεν(αι) / γεγωνησμέναι
participle m γεγωνήσων
f γεγωνήσουσᾰ
n γεγωνῆσον
Notes:
Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
   Aorist: γεγώνησᾰ (Epic)
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
active indicative γεγώνησᾰ γεγώνησᾰς γεγώνησε(ν) γεγωνήσᾰτον γεγωνησᾰ́την γεγωνήσᾰμεν γεγωνήσᾰτε γεγώνησᾰν
subjunctive γεγωνήσω,
γεγωνήσωμῐ 		γεγωνήσῃς,
γεγωνήσῃσθᾰ 		γεγωνήσῃ,
γεγωνήσῃσῐ 		γεγωνήσητον γεγωνήσητον γεγωνήσωμεν γεγωνήσητε γεγωνήσωσῐ(ν)
optative γεγωνήσαιμῐ γεγωνήσαις,
γεγωνήσαισθᾰ,
γεγωνήσειᾰς 		γεγωνήσειε(ν) / γεγωνήσαι γεγωνησεῖτον γεγωνησείτην γεγωνησεῖμεν γεγωνησεῖτε γεγωνησεῖεν
imperative   γεγώνησον γεγωνησᾰ́τω γεγωνήσᾰτον γεγωνησᾰ́των   γεγωνήσᾰτε γεγωνησᾰ́ντων
active
infinitive γεγωνῆσαι / γεγωνησᾰ́μεν / γεγωνησᾰμέναι
participle m γεγωνήσᾱς
f γεγωνήσᾱσᾰ
n γεγωνῆσᾰν
Notes:
Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
  • γεγωνητέον (gegōnētéon)
  • γεγωνίσκω (gegōnískō)

References

  1. ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “γέγωνα”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 263-4

Further reading

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