πέτρα
Ancient Greek
Alternative forms
Etymology
Unknown; in the absence of an explanation, Beekes prefers a Pre-Greek borrowing, noting that Meier-Brügger's derivation from a Proto-Indo-European *per-trom (“instrument for getting through”) (from *per- (“to go through, fare”) + *-trom (“instrument suffix”)) is semantically implausible.[1] Not related to Hindi पत्थर (patthar, “stone”), which is composed of Indo-European elements.
Pronunciation
- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /pé.traː/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /ˈpe.tra/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /ˈpe.tra/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /ˈpe.tra/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /ˈpe.tra/
Noun
πέτρᾱ • (pétrā) f (genitive πέτρᾱς); first declension
Inflection
| Case / # | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | ἡ πέτρᾱ hē pétrā |
τὼ πέτρᾱ tṑ pétrā |
αἱ πέτραι hai pétrai | ||||||||||
| Genitive | τῆς πέτρᾱς tês pétrās |
τοῖν πέτραιν toîn pétrain |
τῶν πετρῶν tôn petrôn | ||||||||||
| Dative | τῇ πέτρᾳ tēî pétrāi |
τοῖν πέτραιν toîn pétrain |
ταῖς πέτραις taîs pétrais | ||||||||||
| Accusative | τὴν πέτρᾱν tḕn pétrān |
τὼ πέτρᾱ tṑ pétrā |
τᾱ̀ς πέτρᾱς tā̀s pétrās | ||||||||||
| Vocative | πέτρᾱ pétrā |
πέτρᾱ pétrā |
πέτραι pétrai | ||||||||||
| Notes: |
| ||||||||||||
Derived terms
- ἐπίπετρον (epípetron)
- πετράεις (petráeis)
- πετραία (petraía)
- Πετραίη (Petraíē)
- πετραῖον (petraîon)
- πετραῖος (petraîos)
- πετράκης (petrákēs)
- πετρηγενής (petrēgenḗs)
- πετρηδόν (petrēdón)
- πετρήεις (petrḗeis)
- πετρηρεφής (petrērephḗs)
- πετρήρης (petrḗrēs)
- πετρίδιον (petrídion)
- πετρίνη (petrínē)
- πέτρινος (pétrinos)
- πέτριον (pétrion)
- πετρίς (petrís)
- πετρώδης (petrṓdēs)
- πετρώεις (petrṓeis)
- πέτρωμα (pétrōma)
- πετρών (petrṓn)
- πετρώνιον (petrṓnion)
- ὑπόπετρος (hupópetros)
Related terms
- πέτρος (pétros)
Descendants
- Greek: πέτρα (pétra)
- Mariupol Greek: пе́тра (pjétra)
- Pontic Greek: πέτρα (pétra)
- → Latin: petra (see there for further descendants)
- → Laz: პეტრა (p̌eťra)
References
- ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “πέτρᾱ, -η”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), volume II, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 1182
Further reading
- “πέτρα”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “πέτρα”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- πέτρα in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- Bauer, Walter et al. (2001) A Greek–English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, Third edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
- “πέτρα”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
- G4073 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
- Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language[1], London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
- boulder idem, page 90.
- cliff idem, page 137.
- corycian cave idem, page 176.
- rock idem, page 719.
Greek
Etymology
From Ancient Greek πέτρα (pétra).
Cognate with Mariupol Greek пе́тра (pjétra).
Noun
πέτρα • (pétra) f (plural πέτρες)
- rock, stone (mass or fragments)
- (figuratively) rock (something hard and stable)
- (nautical) rock (rocky hazard)
Declension
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | πέτρα (pétra) | πέτρες (pétres) |
| genitive | πέτρας (pétras) | πετρών (petrón) |
| accusative | πέτρα (pétra) | πέτρες (pétres) |
| vocative | πέτρα (pétra) | πέτρες (pétres) |
Synonyms
Related terms
- πέτρωμα n (pétroma, “rock”)
- πέτρινος (pétrinos, “rock”)
- οποία πέτρα κι αν σηκώσεις, τον βρίσκεις από κάτω (opoía pétra ki an sikóseis, ton vrískeis apó káto, “of people who are ubiquitous”) (literally: "whichever stone you pick up, you find him underneath")
Further reading
- πέτρα on the Greek Wikipedia.Wikipedia el
- πέτρα, in Λεξικό της κοινής νεοελληνικής [Dictionary of Standard Modern Greek], Triantafyllidis Foundation, 1998 at the Centre for the Greek language