πτωχός

Ancient Greek

Etymology

According to Beekes, since it is highly probable that πτώξ (ptṓx, “hare”) is related (with original meaning "who ducks away, the shy one"), it is probably a Pre-Greek word, in view of the alternation χ/κ. See also πτάκα (ptáka, “hare”), πτήσσω (ptḗssō, “to duck (for fright)”).[1]

Pronunciation

 

Noun

πτωχός • (ptōkhós) m (genitive πτωχοῦ); second declension

  1. beggar; one who crouches and cringes

Inflection

Second declension of ὁ πτωχός; τοῦ πτωχοῦ (Attic)
Case / # Singular Dual Plural
Nominative ὁ πτωχός
ho ptōkhós 		τὼ πτωχώ
tṑ ptōkhṓ 		οἱ πτωχοί
hoi ptōkhoí
Genitive τοῦ πτωχοῦ
toû ptōkhoû 		τοῖν πτωχοῖν
toîn ptōkhoîn 		τῶν πτωχῶν
tôn ptōkhôn
Dative τῷ πτωχῷ
tōî ptōkhōî 		τοῖν πτωχοῖν
toîn ptōkhoîn 		τοῖς πτωχοῖς
toîs ptōkhoîs
Accusative τὸν πτωχόν
tòn ptōkhón 		τὼ πτωχώ
tṑ ptōkhṓ 		τοὺς πτωχούς
toùs ptōkhoús
Vocative πτωχέ
ptōkhé 		πτωχώ
ptōkhṓ 		πτωχοί
ptōkhoí
Notes:
  • This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Adjective

πτωχός • (ptōkhós) m (feminine πτωχή, neuter πτωχόν); first/second declension

  1. poor, beggarly
    Synonym: πένης (pénēs)

Inflection

First and second declension of πτωχός; πτωχή; πτωχόν (Attic)
Number Singular Dual Plural
Case/Gender Masculine Feminine Neuter Masculine Feminine Neuter Masculine Feminine Neuter
Nominative πτωχός
ptōkhós 		πτωχή
ptōkhḗ 		πτωχόν
ptōkhón 		πτωχώ
ptōkhṓ 		πτωχᾱ́
ptōkhā́ 		πτωχώ
ptōkhṓ 		πτωχοί
ptōkhoí 		πτωχαί
ptōkhaí 		πτωχᾰ́
ptōkhắ
Genitive πτωχοῦ
ptōkhoû 		πτωχῆς
ptōkhês 		πτωχοῦ
ptōkhoû 		πτωχοῖν
ptōkhoîn 		πτωχαῖν
ptōkhaîn 		πτωχοῖν
ptōkhoîn 		πτωχῶν
ptōkhôn 		πτωχῶν
ptōkhôn 		πτωχῶν
ptōkhôn
Dative πτωχῷ
ptōkhōî 		πτωχῇ
ptōkhēî 		πτωχῷ
ptōkhōî 		πτωχοῖν
ptōkhoîn 		πτωχαῖν
ptōkhaîn 		πτωχοῖν
ptōkhoîn 		πτωχοῖς
ptōkhoîs 		πτωχαῖς
ptōkhaîs 		πτωχοῖς
ptōkhoîs
Accusative πτωχόν
ptōkhón 		πτωχήν
ptōkhḗn 		πτωχόν
ptōkhón 		πτωχώ
ptōkhṓ 		πτωχᾱ́
ptōkhā́ 		πτωχώ
ptōkhṓ 		πτωχούς
ptōkhoús 		πτωχᾱ́ς
ptōkhā́s 		πτωχᾰ́
ptōkhắ
Vocative πτωχέ
ptōkhé 		πτωχή
ptōkhḗ 		πτωχόν
ptōkhón 		πτωχώ
ptōkhṓ 		πτωχᾱ́
ptōkhā́ 		πτωχώ
ptōkhṓ 		πτωχοί
ptōkhoí 		πτωχαί
ptōkhaí 		πτωχᾰ́
ptōkhắ
Derived forms Adverb Comparative Superlative
πτωχῶς
ptōkhôs 		πτωχότερος
ptōkhóteros 		πτωχότᾰτος
ptōkhótătos
Notes:
  • This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Derived terms

  • πτωχᾰλᾰζών (ptōkhălăzṓn)
  • πτωχείᾱ (ptōkheíā)
  • πτωχελένη (ptōkhelénē)
  • πτωχεύω (ptōkheúō)
  • πτωχή (ptōkhḗ)
  • πτωχῐ́ζω (ptōkhĭ́zō)
  • πτωχῐκός (ptōkhĭkós)
  • πτωχῐ́στερος (ptōkhĭ́steros)
  • πτωχόμουσος (ptōkhómousos)
  • πτωχοποιός (ptōkhopoiós)
  • πτωχότης (ptōkhótēs)
  • πτωχοτροφεῖον (ptōkhotropheîon)
  • πτωχότροφος (ptōkhótrophos)
  • πτωχοφᾰνής (ptōkhophănḗs)
  • πτωχῶς (ptōkhôs)
  • ὑπέρπτωχος (hupérptōkhos)

Descendants

  • → English: ptochology
  • Greek: φτωχός (ftochós)
  • → Italian: pitocco

References

  1. ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “πτωχός”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 1253

Further reading

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