πτήσσω

Ancient Greek

Alternative forms

  • πτώσσω (ptṓssō)

Etymology

The root is extensively discussed by Hackstein: according to him, Tocharian B pyāk-tsi (to strike down) is related, which requires a reconstruction of the root as *pyeh₂(k)-. Also cognate are πτοέω (ptoéō, to be scared, dismayed) and πταίω (ptaíō, to stumble, trip) and, from other Indo-European languages, Lithuanian pjáuti (to cut, mow) and perhaps Latin paviō (to beat, strike). However, according to Beekes, there are two problems with this reconstruction: first, the semantic connection between the Tocharian word and this verb is not evident, and second, it neglects the evidence of πτωχός (ptōkhós, beggar), which is clearly related and shows a Pre-Greek alternation.

Pronunciation

 

Verb

πτήσσω • (ptḗssō)

  1. (causal) to scare, alarm, terrify
  2. (intransitive) to crouch or cower for fear
  3. (of men in ambush) to crouch

Usage notes

  • The Imperfect Aeolic form ἔπταζον (éptazon) is attested
  • The poetic perfect participle form πεπτηώς (peptēṓs) is also attested.

Inflection

Derived terms

Further reading