σοφός
Ancient Greek
Etymology
Unknown. If related to Σίσυφος (Sísuphos) and σαφής (saphḗs, “speaking clearly”), then likely from a Pre-Greek substrate.[1]
Pronunciation
- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /so.pʰós/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /soˈpʰos/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /soˈɸos/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /soˈfos/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /soˈfos/
Adjective
σοφός • (sophós) m (feminine σοφή, neuter σοφόν); first/second declension
Inflection
| Number | Singular | Dual | Plural | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Case/Gender | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | |||||
| Nominative | σοφός sophós |
σοφή sophḗ |
σοφόν sophón |
σοφώ sophṓ |
σοφᾱ́ sophā́ |
σοφώ sophṓ |
σοφοί sophoí |
σοφαί sophaí |
σοφᾰ́ sophắ | |||||
| Genitive | σοφοῦ sophoû |
σοφῆς sophês |
σοφοῦ sophoû |
σοφοῖν sophoîn |
σοφαῖν sophaîn |
σοφοῖν sophoîn |
σοφῶν sophôn |
σοφῶν sophôn |
σοφῶν sophôn | |||||
| Dative | σοφῷ sophōî |
σοφῇ sophēî |
σοφῷ sophōî |
σοφοῖν sophoîn |
σοφαῖν sophaîn |
σοφοῖν sophoîn |
σοφοῖς sophoîs |
σοφαῖς sophaîs |
σοφοῖς sophoîs | |||||
| Accusative | σοφόν sophón |
σοφήν sophḗn |
σοφόν sophón |
σοφώ sophṓ |
σοφᾱ́ sophā́ |
σοφώ sophṓ |
σοφούς sophoús |
σοφᾱ́ς sophā́s |
σοφᾰ́ sophắ | |||||
| Vocative | σοφέ sophé |
σοφή sophḗ |
σοφόν sophón |
σοφώ sophṓ |
σοφᾱ́ sophā́ |
σοφώ sophṓ |
σοφοί sophoí |
σοφαί sophaí |
σοφᾰ́ sophắ | |||||
| Derived forms | Adverb | Comparative | Superlative | |||||||||||
| σοφῶς sophôs |
σοφώτερος sophṓteros |
σοφώτᾰτος sophṓtătos | ||||||||||||
| Notes: |
| |||||||||||||
Derived terms
Derived terms
- σοφῐ́ᾱ (sophĭ́ā)
and:
- ἀγροικόσοφος (agroikósophos, “with rude mother-wit”)
- ἀκρόσοφος (akrósophos, “high in wisdom”)
- ἄσοφος (ásophos, “foolish”)
- αὐτόσοφος (autósophos, “with native mother-wit”)
- βᾰθῠσοφός (băthŭsophós)
- δῐᾰ́σοφος (dĭắsophos, “very wise”)
- δοξομᾰταιόσοφος (doxomătaiósophos, “would-be philosopher”)
- δοξόσοφος (doxósophos, “wise in one's own conceit”)
- δοκησῐ́σοφος (dokēsĭ́sophos, “wise in one's own conceit”)
- ἐμφῐλόσοφος (emphĭlósophos, “philosophical”)
- ἔνσοφος (énsophos, “wise in”)
- ἐπίσσοφος m (epíssophos, “supervisor, an official at Thera”)
- ἐθελοφῐλόσοφος m (ethelophĭlósophos, “would-be philosopher”)
- ζωόσοφος (zōósophos, “wise unto life”)
- ἡμῐ́σοφος (hēmĭ́sophos, “half-wise”)
- θεόσοφος (theósophos, “wise in the things of God”)
- θῡμόσοφος (thūmósophos, “wise from one's own soul”)
- ἰᾱτροφῐλόσοφος m (iātrophĭlósophos, “scientific doctor”)
- μῑκρόσοφος (mīkrósophos, “wise in small matters”)
- μῑσόσοφος (mīsósophos, “hating wisdom”)
- μωρόσοφος (mōrósophos, “foolishly wise, sapient fool”)
- ὀφθαλμόσοφος (ophthalmósophos, “skilled in the eyes; oculist”)
- οἰησῐ́σοφος (oiēsĭ́sophos, “wisein his own conceit”)
- πάνσοφος (pánsophos, “most clever”)
- πᾰντόσοφος (păntósophos, “most clever”)
- πάσσοφος (pássophos, “πάνσοφος”)
- πολῠ́σοφος (polŭ́sophos, “very wise”)
- προσποιησῐ́σοφος (prospoiēsĭ́sophos, “pretending to be wise”) προσποιήσοφος (prospoiḗsophos)
- Σοφοκλέης m (Sophokléēs, “Sophocles”), Σοφοκλῆς (Sophoklês)
- σοφόνοος (sophónoos, “wise-minded”), σοφόνους (sophónous)
- σοφοτέχνης m (sophotékhnēs, “skilled in art”)
- τρῐ́σοφος (trĭ́sophos, “thrice wise: very wise”)
- ῠ̔πέρσοφος (hŭpérsophos, “exceedingly wise”)
- ῠ̔πόσοφος (hŭpósophos, “sub-scientific”)
- φιλοσοφοκλῆς (philosophoklês, “a lover of Sophocles”)
- φῐλοσοφομειρᾰκίσκος m (phĭlosophomeirăkískos, “young man of science”)
- φῐλόσοφος m (phĭlósophos, “lover of wisdom, philosopher”)
- χειρίσοφος (kheirísophos, “χειρόσοφος”)
- Χειρίσοφος m (Kheirísophos, “male name”)
- χειρόσοφος (kheirósophos, “skilled with the hands”)
Related terms
α...ω index for -σοφ-
- ἀγροικόσοφος (agroikósophos, “with rude mother-wit”)
- ἀκᾰτᾰσόφῐστος (akătăsóphĭstos, “not to be put down by fallacies”)
- ἀκρόσοφος (akrósophos, “high in wisdom”)
- ἀντῐσοφῐ́ζομαι (antĭsophĭ́zomai, “use counter-devices”)
- ἀντισοφῐστεύω (antisophĭsteúō)
- ἀντισοφῐστής m (antisophĭstḗs, “who seeks to refute”)
- ἀντιφῐλοσοφέω (antiphĭlosophéō, “hold contrary tenets”)
- ἀποσοφόομαι (aposophóomai, “become wise”)
- ἀσοφῐ́ᾱ f (asophĭ́ā, “folly, stupidity”)
- ἀσόφῐστος (asóphĭstos, “not deluded by fallacies”)
- ἄσοφος (ásophos, “foolish”)
- αὐτοσοφῐ́ᾱ f (autosophĭ́ā, “authentic wisdom”)
- αὐτόσοφος (autósophos, “with native wit, mother wit”)
- ἀφῐλοσόφητος (aphĭlosóphētos, “not versed in philosophy”)
- ἀφῐλοσοφῐ́ᾱ f (aphĭlosophĭ́ā, “contempt for philosophy”)
- ἀφῐλόσοφος (aphĭlósophos, “without taste for philosophy, unphilosophical”)
- βᾰθῠσοφός (băthŭsophós)
- γυμνοσοφῐσταί m pl (gumnosophĭstaí, “naked philosophers, gymnosophists”)
- γυμνοσοφῐστῐ́ᾱ f (gumnosophĭstĭ́ā, “wisdom of gymnosophists”)
- δειπνοσοφῐστής m (deipnosophĭstḗs, “learned in the mysteries of the kitchen”), Δειπνοσοφισταί m pl (Deipnosophistaí, “title of work by Athenaeus”)
- δῐᾰσοφῐ́ζομαι (dĭăsophĭ́zomai, “argue like a sophist”)
- δῐᾰ́σοφος (dĭắsophos, “very wise”)
- δοκησῐσοφῐ́ᾱ f (dokēsĭsophĭ́ā, “conceit of wisdom”)
- δοκησῐ́σοφος (dokēsĭ́sophos, “wise in one's own conceit”)
- δοξομᾰταιόσοφος (doxomătaiósophos, “would-be philosopher”)
- δοξοσοφῐ́ᾱ f (doxosophĭ́ā, “conceit of wisdom”)
- δοξόσοφος (doxósophos, “wise in one's own conceit”)
- ἐθελοφῐλόσοφος m (ethelophĭlósophos, “would-be philosopher”)
- ἐμφῐλοσοφέω (emphĭlosophéō, “study philosophy in”)
- ἐμφῐλόσοφος (emphĭlósophos, “philosophical”)
- ἐνσοφῐστεύω (ensophĭsteúō, “tirck like a sophist”)
- ἔνσοφος (énsophos, “wise in”)
- ἐπῐσοφῐ́ζομαι (epĭsophĭ́zomai, “devise in addition”)
- ἐπίσσοφος m (epíssophos, “supervisor, an official at Thera”)
- ζωόσοφος (zōósophos, “wise unto life”)
- ἡμῐ́σοφος (hēmĭ́sophos, “half-wise”)
- θεοσοφέω (theosophéō, “have knowledge of things divine”)
- θεοσοφῐ́ᾱ f (theosophĭ́ā, “knowledge of things divine”)
- θεόσοφος (theósophos, “wise in the things of God”)
- θῡμοσοφῐκός (thūmosophĭkós, “clever”)
- θῡμόσοφος (thūmósophos, “wise from one's own soul”)
- ἰᾱτροσοφῐστής m (iātrosophĭstḗs, “professor of medicine”)
- ἰᾱτροφῐλόσοφος m (iātrophĭlósophos, “scientific doctor”)
- κᾰτᾰσοφῐ́ζομαι (kătăsophĭ́zomai, “outwit by sophisms”)
- κᾰτᾰσοφῐσμός m (kătăsophĭsmós, “outwitting, trickery”)
- κᾰτᾰφῐλοσοφέω (kătăphĭlosophéō, “overcome in philosophizing”)
- μεγᾰλοσοφῐστής m (megălosophĭstḗs, “μέγας (great) σοφιστής”)
- μετεωροσοφῐστής m (meteōrosophĭstḗs, “astronomical sophist”)
- μῑκρόσοφος (mīkrósophos, “wise in small matters”)
- μῑσόσοφος (mīsósophos, “hating wisdom”)
- μωρόσοφος (mōrósophos, “foolishly wise, sapient fool”)
- οἰησῐ́σοφος (oiēsĭ́sophos, “wisein his own conceit”)
- ὀφθαλμόσοφος (ophthalmósophos, “skilled in the eyes; oculist”)
- πάνσοφος (pánsophos, “most clever”)
- πᾰντόσοφος (păntósophos, “most clever”)
- πᾰρᾰσοφῐ́ζομαι (părăsophĭ́zomai, “out-do in skill, refine overmuch; apply art wrongly”)
- πᾰρᾰσόφῐσμᾰ n (părăsóphĭsmă, “additional invention”)
- πάσσοφος (pássophos, “very wise; (for πάνσοφος)”)
- περῐσοφῐ́ζομαι (perĭsophĭ́zomai, “overreach, cheat”)
- πολῠ́σοφος (polŭ́sophos, “very wise”)
- προσποιησῐ́σοφος (prospoiēsĭ́sophos, “pretending to be wise”), προσποιήσοφος (prospoiḗsophos)
- προσφῐλοσοφέω (prosphĭlosophéō, “speculate further upon”)
- προσφῐλοσοφητέον (prosphĭlosophētéon, “must begin philosophy”)
- σεσοφῐσμένως (sesophĭsménōs, “cunningly”, adverb)
- σοφῐ́ᾱ f (sophĭ́ā, “skill, wisdom”)
- σοφῐβόλος (sophĭbólos, “stupid”)
- σοφῐ́ζω (sophĭ́zō, “make wise, instruct, devise”), σοφῐ́ζομαι
- σοφῐ́η f (sophĭ́ē, “skill, wisdom, σοφία”) (Ionic)
- σόφῐσμᾰ n (sóphĭsmă, “skill, method”)
- σοφῐσμᾰτῐκός (sophĭsmătĭkós, “sophistical”)
- σοφῐσμάτιον n (sophĭsmátion, “diminutive of σόφισμα”)
- σοφῐσματώδης (sophĭsmatṓdēs, “sophistical”)
- σοφῐσμός m (sophĭsmós, “skill, method, σόφισμα”)
- σοφῐστείᾱ f (sophĭsteíā, “sophistry”)
- σοφῐστέον (sophĭstéon, “one must contrive”)
- σοφῐστέος (sophĭstéos, “one must contrive”)
- σοφῐ́στευμᾰ n (sophĭ́steumă, “skill, method, σόφισμα”)
- σοφῐστεύω (sophĭsteúō, “play the sophist; teach, give lectures”)
- σοφῐστήρῐον n (sophĭstḗrĭon, “school of sophistry”)
- σοφῐστής m (sophĭstḗs, “expert; philosopher, teacher; swindler”)
- σοφῐστῐάω (sophĭstĭáō, “play the sophist”)
- σοφῐστῐκός (sophĭstĭkós, “of a sophist”)
- σοφῐστορήτωρ m (sophĭstorḗtōr, “σοφιστὴς sophist and ῥήτωρ orator”)
- σοφῐ́στρῐᾰ f (sophĭ́strĭă, “feminine of σοφιστής”)
- Σοφοκλέης m (Sophokléēs, “Sophocles”), Σοφοκλῆς (Sophoklês)
- σοφόνοος (sophónoos, “wise-minded”), σοφόνους (sophónous)
- σοφός (sophós, “wise”)
- σοφοτέχνης m (sophotékhnēs, “skilled in art”)
- σοφόω (sophóō, “σοφίζω, make wise, instruct, devise”)
- σῠμφῐλοσοφέω (sŭmphĭlosophéō, “join in philosophizing”)
- σῠνασοφέω (sŭnasophéō, “be unwise, foolish along with”)
- τρῐ́σοφος (trĭ́sophos, “thrice wise: very wise”)
- ῠ̔περσοφῐστεύω (hŭpersophĭsteúō, “be an arch-sophist”)
- ῠ̔περσοφῐστής m (hŭpersophĭstḗs, “arch-sophist”)
- ῠ̔πέρσοφος (hŭpérsophos, “exceedingly wise”)
- ῠ̔περφῐλοσοφέω (hŭperphĭlosophéō, “philosophize exceedingly”)
- ῠ̔πόσοφος (hŭpósophos, “sub-scientific”)
- φῐλοσοφέω (phĭlosophéō, “philosophize, love knowledge”)
- φῐλοσόφημᾰ n (phĭlosóphēmă, “a subject of philosophic inquiry; logic demonstration, principal”)
- φῐλοσοφητέον n (phĭlosophētéon, “must pursue wisdom”)
- φῐλοσοφητέος (phĭlosophētéos, “must pursue wisdom”)
- φῐλοσοφῐ́ᾱ f (phĭlosophĭ́ā, “love of knowledge, philosophy”)
- φῐλοσοφῐκός m (phĭlosophĭkós, “concerned with philosophy”)
- φιλοσοφοκλῆς (philosophoklês, “a lover of Sophocles”)
- φῐλοσοφομειρᾰκίσκος m (phĭlosophomeirăkískos, “young man of science”)
- φῐλόσοφος m (phĭlósophos, “lover of wisdom, philosopher”)
- χειρίσοφος (kheirísophos, “χειρόσοφος”)
- Χειρίσοφος m (Kheirísophos, “male name”)
- χειρόσοφος (kheirósophos, “skilled with the hands”)
- ψευδοσοφῐ́ᾱ f (pseudosophĭ́ā, “false wisdom”)
- ψευδοσοφῐστής m (pseudosophĭstḗs, “sham-sophist”)
Descendants
References
- ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “σοφός”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 1374-75
Further reading
- “σοφός”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- σοφός in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- Bauer, Walter et al. (2001) A Greek–English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, Third edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
- G4680 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
- Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language[1], London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
- able idem, page 2.
- acute idem, page 10.
- adroit idem, page 13.
- astute idem, page 48.
- capable idem, page 111.
- clever idem, page 137.
- deep idem, page 203.
- deft idem, page 206.
- dexterous idem, page 221.
- doctor idem, page 245.
- erudite idem, page 281.
- genius idem, page 357.
- good idem, page 366.
- intelligent idem, page 448.
- learned idem, page 483.
- philosopher idem, page 610.
- proficient idem, page 653.
- profound idem, page 653.
- sagacious idem, page 731.
- sage idem, page 731.
- savant idem, page 735.
- scholar idem, page 739.
- shrewd idem, page 770.
- skilful idem, page 780.
- thinker idem, page 867.
- wise idem, page 982.
- wiseacre idem, page 982.
Greek
Etymology
From Ancient Greek σοφός (sophós).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /soˈfos/
- Hyphenation: σο‧φός
Adjective
σοφός • (sofós) m (feminine σοφή, neuter σοφό)
Declension
| singular | plural | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | feminine | neuter | masculine | feminine | neuter | ||
| nominative | σοφός (sofós) | σοφή (sofí) | σοφό (sofó) | σοφοί (sofoí) | σοφές (sofés) | σοφά (sofá) | |
| genitive | σοφού (sofoú) | σοφής (sofís) | σοφού (sofoú) | σοφών (sofón) | σοφών (sofón) | σοφών (sofón) | |
| accusative | σοφό (sofó) | σοφή (sofí) | σοφό (sofó) | σοφούς (sofoús) | σοφές (sofés) | σοφά (sofá) | |
| vocative | σοφέ (sofé) | σοφή (sofí) | σοφό (sofó) | σοφοί (sofoí) | σοφές (sofés) | σοφά (sofá) | |
Derivations:
Comparative: πιο + positive forms (e.g. πιο σοφός, etc.)
Relative superlative: definite article + πιο + positive forms (e.g. ο πιο σοφός, etc.)
Derivations: relative superlative: ο + comparative forms (eg "ο σοφότερος", etc)
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Noun
σοφός • (sofós) m (plural σοφοί)
Declension
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | σοφός (sofós) | σοφοί (sofoí) |
| genitive | σοφού (sofoú) | σοφών (sofón) |
| accusative | σοφό (sofó) | σοφούς (sofoús) |
| vocative | σοφέ (sofé) | σοφοί (sofoí) |
Related terms
- αμπελοφιλοσοφία f (ampelofilosofía, “inferior philosophy”)
- αμπελοφιλόσοφος m (ampelofilósofos, “self-important thinker”)
- άσοφα (ásofa, “unwisely”, adverb)
- άσοφος (ásofos, “unwise”)
- αφιλοσόφητος (afilosófitos, “not versed in philosophy”)
- γιατροσόφι n (giatrosófi, “folk medicine”)
- ιατροσόφιο n (iatrosófio, “folk medicine”) (rare)
- δοκησισοφία f (dokisisofía, “conceit of wisdom”)
- δοκησίσοφος (dokisísofos, “wise in one's own conceit”)
- θεοσοφία f (theosofía, “theosophy”)
- θεοσοφισμός m (theosofismós, “theosophism”)
- θυμοσοφία f (thymosofía, “mother wit, practical wisdom”)
- θυμόσοφος (thymósofos, “with native wit”)
- ιατροφιλόσοφος m (iatrofilósofos, “physician of older times, occupied with philosophy”)
- κενόσοφος (kenósofos, “empty of meaningful thinking”)
- μεταφιλοσοφία f (metafilosofía, “metaphilosophy”)
- ξυλόσοφος (xylósofos, “would-be philosopher”) (jocular)
- πάνσοφα (pánsofa, “most wisely, omnisciently”, adverb)
- πανσοφία f (pansofía, “extreme wisdom, pansophy, omniscience, polymathy”)
- πάνσοφος (pánsofos, “most wise, pansoph, omniscient, polymath”)
- πανσόφως (pansófos, “most wisely, omnisciently”, adverb) (formal)
- σοφά (sofá, “wisely”, adverb)
- σοφία f (sofía, “wisdom”), Σοφία f (Sofía, “female name: wisdom”)
- σοφίζομαι (sofízomai, “devise, make out”)
- σόφισμα n (sófisma, “sophism”)
- σοφιστεία f (sofisteía, “sophistry”)
- σοφιστής m (sofistís, “sophist”)
- σοφιστικέ (sofistiké, “sophistiqué, sophisticated, refined”)
- σοφιστική f (sofistikí, “the art and teaching of sophists”)
- σοφιστικός (sofistikós, “of a sophist”)
- σοφόκλειος (sofókleios, “referring to the tragic poet Sophocles”)
- Σοφοκλής m (Sofoklís, “Sophocles”)
- σοφολογιότατος (sofologiótatos, “a wise scholar; pedantic”)
- σοφόν τὸ σαφές (sophón tò saphés, “(adage) wise is the precise”)
- φιλοσοφία f (filosofía, “philosophy”) (and derivatives)
- ψευδόσοφος m (psevdósofos, “a fake wise man”)
- ψευδοφιλόσοφος m (psevdofilósofos, “pseudo-philosopher”)
Further reading
- σοφός, in Λεξικό της κοινής νεοελληνικής [Dictionary of Standard Modern Greek], Triantafyllidis Foundation, 1998 at the Centre for the Greek language