στάδιον

Ancient Greek

Alternative forms

σπάδιον (spádion)

Etymology

Uncertain, but possibly from στάδιος (stádios, “firm, fixed”), from Proto-Indo-European *steh₂- (“to stand”), in reference to the fixed distance of the course. The relation with the alternative form σπάδιον (spádion), which ostensibly looks like a derivative of σπᾰ́ω (spắō, “to draw, drag”), as well as whether one is derived from the other or not, is unclear.^[1]

Pronunciation

(5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /stá.di.on/
(1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈsta.di.on/
(4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈsta.ði.on/
(10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈsta.ði.on/
(15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈsta.ði.on/

Noun

στᾰ́δῐον • (stắdĭon) n (genitive στᾰδῐ́ου); second declension

(architecture) A 600-foot track for footraces and the surrounding stadium.
(sports) A 600-foot footrace.
(historical units of measure) A stade, a unit of distance based on the length of a racetrack, equal to 600 Greek feet (variously 150–210 m at different places and times).

Declension

Second declension of τὸ στᾰ́δῐον; τοῦ στᾰδῐ́ου (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	τὸ στᾰ́δῐον tò stắdĭon	τὼ στᾰδῐ́ω tṑ stădĭ́ō	τᾰ̀ στᾰ́δῐᾰ tằ stắdĭă
Genitive	τοῦ στᾰδῐ́ου toû stădĭ́ou	τοῖν στᾰδῐ́οιν toîn stădĭ́oin	τῶν στᾰδῐ́ων tôn stădĭ́ōn
Dative	τῷ στᾰδῐ́ῳ tōî stădĭ́ōi	τοῖν στᾰδῐ́οιν toîn stădĭ́oin	τοῖς στᾰδῐ́οις toîs stădĭ́ois
Accusative	τὸ στᾰ́δῐον tò stắdĭon	τὼ στᾰδῐ́ω tṑ stădĭ́ō	τᾰ̀ στᾰ́δῐᾰ tằ stắdĭă
Vocative	στᾰ́δῐον stắdĭon	στᾰδῐ́ω stădĭ́ō	στᾰ́δῐᾰ stắdĭă
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Derived terms

δεκᾰστᾰ́δῐον (dekăstắdĭon)
σταδιεύς (stadieús)

Descendants

→ Bulgarian: стадион (stadion)
→ English: stadion
→ German: Stadion
- → Hungarian: stadion
→ Greek: στάδιο (stádio)
→ Hebrew: אצטדיון
→ Latin: stadium (see there for further descendants)
→ Macedonian: стадион (stadion)
→ Old Armenian: ստադիոն (stadion)
→ Old Georgian: სტადიონი (sṭadioni, “step, stadium”)
→ Polish: stadion
→ Russian: стадион (stadion)
→ Serbo-Croatian: stadion, стадион
→ Ukrainian: стадіо́н (stadión)

References

^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “στάδιον”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 1387