στῦλος

See also: στυλός

Ancient Greek

Etymology

Perhaps from some extension, likely *sth₂-u-lo-s, of Proto-Indo-European *steh₂- (“to stand”); compare στῡ́ω (stū́ō, “to make stiff”). See also Proto-Indo-Iranian *stʰuHnáH (“column, pillar”),^[1] Albanian shtyllë, Lithuanian stulpas (“pillar”), Russian столб (stolb), Bulgarian стълб (stǎlb).

Pronunciation

(5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /stŷː.los/
(1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈsty.los/
(4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈsty.los/
(10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈsty.los/
(15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈsti.los/

Noun

στῦλος • (stûlos) m (genitive στῡ́λου); second declension

pillar, column, support
- 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 2.169.5:
  παστὰς λιθίνη μεγάλη καὶ ἠσκημένη στύλοισι τε φοίνικας τὰ δένδρεα
  pastàs lithínē megálē kaì ēskēménē stúloisi te phoínikas tà déndrea
  it is a great colonnade of stone, richly adorned, the pillars made in the form of palm trees
- New Testament, Revelation 10:1:
  καὶ οἱ πόδες αὐτοῦ ὡς στύλοι πυρός
  kaì hoi pódes autoû hōs stúloi purós
  his feet like pillars of fire
1. wooden pole
  - 200 BCE – 118 BCE, Polybius, The Histories 1.22.4:
    στῦλος ἐν πρώρρᾳ στρογγύλος εἱστήκει
    stûlos en prṓrrhāi strongúlos heistḗkei
    a round pole was placed in the prow
2. stile

Declension

Second declension of ὁ στῦλος; τοῦ στῡ́λου (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ὁ στῦλος ho stûlos	τὼ στῡ́λω tṑ stū́lō	οἱ στῦλοι hoi stûloi
Genitive	τοῦ στῡ́λου toû stū́lou	τοῖν στῡ́λοιν toîn stū́loin	τῶν στῡ́λων tôn stū́lōn
Dative	τῷ στῡ́λῳ tōî stū́lōi	τοῖν στῡ́λοιν toîn stū́loin	τοῖς στῡ́λοις toîs stū́lois
Accusative	τὸν στῦλον tòn stûlon	τὼ στῡ́λω tṑ stū́lō	τοὺς στῡ́λους toùs stū́lous
Vocative	στῦλε stûle	στῡ́λω stū́lō	στῦλοι stûloi
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Derived terms

ᾰ̓ραιόστῡλος (ăraióstūlos)
ᾰ̓́στῡλος (ắstūlos)
δεκάστῡλος (dekástūlos)
δῐᾰ́στῡλος (dĭắstūlos)
δωδεκάστῡλος (dōdekástūlos)
ἑκᾰτοντάστῡλος (hekătontástūlos)
ἑξάστῡλος (hexástūlos)
ἐπῐστῡ́λῐον (epĭstū́lĭon)
εὔστῡλος (eústūlos)
μεσοστῡ́λῐον (mesostū́lĭon)
μετᾰστῡ́λῐον (metăstū́lĭon)
ὀκτάστῡλος (oktástūlos)
περίστυλον (perístulon)
περῐ́στῡλος (perĭ́stūlos)
πολύστῡλος (polústūlos)
πρόστῡλος (próstūlos)
πυκνόστῡλος (puknóstūlos)
στῡλᾰ́ρῐον (stūlắrĭon)
στῡλῐ́δῐον (stūlĭ́dĭon)
στῡλῐ́ς (stūlĭ́s)
στῡλῐ́σκος (stūlĭ́skos)
στῡλῑ́της (stūlī́tēs)
στῡλοβᾰ́της (stūlobắtēs)
στῡλογλῠ́φος (stūloglŭ́phos)
στῡλοειδής (stūloeidḗs)
στῡλοπῐνᾰ́κιον (stūlopĭnắkion)
στῡλόω (stūlóō)
τετράστῡλος (tetrástūlos)
ῠ̔πόστῡλος (hŭpóstūlos)

Descendants

Byzantine Greek: στῦλος (stûlos)
- →? Albanian: shtyllë
- →? Aromanian: stur
- →? Romanian: stur
→ Coptic: ⲥⲧⲟⲩⲗⲗⲟⲩⲥ (stoullous)
→⇒ English: pygostyle (learned)
Translingual: ⇒ Gonystylus

See also

κῑ́ων (kī́ōn, “column,pillar”);
στοᾱ́ (stoā́, “colonnade, portio, arcade”)

References

^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “στῦλος”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 1417

Further reading

“στῦλος”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
στῦλος in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
G4769 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎^[1], London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
- column idem, page 144.
- pillar idem, page 613.
- post idem, page 629.
- prop idem, page 653.
- stay idem, page 813.
- support idem, page 841.
BDAG
στῦλος, in ΛΟΓΕΙΟΝ [Logeion] Dictionaries for Ancient Greek and Latin (in English, French, Spanish, German, Dutch and Chinese), University of Chicago, since 2011