φθόνος
Ancient Greek
Etymology
De Vaan tentatively suggests a connection with φθάνω (phthánō, “to anticipate, be ahead of”). According to Beekes, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰgʷʰen-.
Pronunciation
- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /pʰtʰó.nos/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /ˈpʰtʰo.nos/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /ˈɸθo.nos/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /ˈfθo.nos/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /ˈfθo.nos/
Noun
φθόνος • (phthónos) m (genitive φθόνου); second declension
- envy, jealousy
- malice, grudge, ill will
- cause for indignation, reproach
- jealousy of the gods
- refusal for feelings of ill will or envy, grudging
Inflection
| Case / # | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | ὁ φθόνος ho phthónos |
τὼ φθόνω tṑ phthónō |
οἱ φθόνοι hoi phthónoi | ||||||||||
| Genitive | τοῦ φθόνου toû phthónou |
τοῖν φθόνοιν toîn phthónoin |
τῶν φθόνων tôn phthónōn | ||||||||||
| Dative | τῷ φθόνῳ tōî phthónōi |
τοῖν φθόνοιν toîn phthónoin |
τοῖς φθόνοις toîs phthónois | ||||||||||
| Accusative | τὸν φθόνον tòn phthónon |
τὼ φθόνω tṑ phthónō |
τοὺς φθόνους toùs phthónous | ||||||||||
| Vocative | φθόνε phthóne |
φθόνω phthónō |
φθόνοι phthónoi | ||||||||||
| Notes: |
| ||||||||||||
Derived terms
Descendants
Further reading
- “φθόνος”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “φθόνος”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- φθόνος in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- Bauer, Walter et al. (2001) A Greek–English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, Third edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
- “φθόνος”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
- G5355 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
- Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language[1], London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
- animus idem, page 30.
- denial idem, page 210.
- disfavour idem, page 233.
- displeasure idem, page 237.
- envy idem, page 279.
- grudge idem, page 376.
- grudging idem, page 376.
- hatred idem, page 388.
- hostility idem, page 407.
- ill will idem, page 416.
- jealousy idem, page 462.
- loathing idem, page 496.
- malice idem, page 510.
- malignity idem, page 510.
- mischief idem, page 533.
- odium idem, page 569.
- offence idem, page 571.
- pique idem, page 614.
- prejudice idem, page 634.
- rancour idem, page 670.
- refusal idem, page 685.
- reluctance idem, page 692.
- repulse idem, page 699.
- revenge idem, page 709.
- spite idem, page 802.
- stint idem, page 818.
- unpopularity idem, page 927.
- venom idem, page 947.
- will idem, page 979.
- Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “φθόνος”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 1571
Greek
Etymology
Borrowed from Ancient Greek φθόνος (phthónos). Doublet of φτόνος (ftónos).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈfθo.nos/
- Hyphenation: φθό‧νος
Noun
φθόνος • (fthónos) m (uncountable)
Declension
| singular | |
|---|---|
| nominative | φθόνος (fthónos) |
| genitive | φθόνου (fthónou) |
| accusative | φθόνο (fthóno) |
| vocative | φθόνε (fthóne) |
Synonyms
- ζήλεια f (zíleia)
- ζηλοφθονία f (zilofthonía)