χαμηλός
Ancient Greek
Alternative forms
- χθᾰμᾰλός (khthămălós)
Etymology
From χαμαί (khamaí, “to the earth, on the earth”), a frozen case-form of χθών (khthṓn, “earth”), itself from Proto-Indo-European *dʰéǵʰōm. Compare πάλαι (pálai), παραί (paraí). The ending could be formed after the antonym ὑψηλός (hupsēlós).[1]
Pronunciation
- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /kʰa.mɛː.lós/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /kʰa.me̝ˈlos/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /xa.miˈlos/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /xa.miˈlos/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /xa.miˈlos/
Adjective
χᾰμηλός • (khămēlós) m (feminine χᾰμηλή, neuter χᾰμηλόν); first/second declension
- low on the ground
- (figuratively) of low station
- (figuratively) diminutive, trifling
Inflection
| Number | Singular | Dual | Plural | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Case/Gender | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | |||||
| Nominative | χᾰμηλός khămēlós |
χᾰμηλή khămēlḗ |
χᾰμηλόν khămēlón |
χᾰμηλώ khămēlṓ |
χᾰμηλᾱ́ khămēlā́ |
χᾰμηλώ khămēlṓ |
χᾰμηλοί khămēloí |
χᾰμηλαί khămēlaí |
χᾰμηλᾰ́ khămēlắ | |||||
| Genitive | χᾰμηλοῦ khămēloû |
χᾰμηλῆς khămēlês |
χᾰμηλοῦ khămēloû |
χᾰμηλοῖν khămēloîn |
χᾰμηλαῖν khămēlaîn |
χᾰμηλοῖν khămēloîn |
χᾰμηλῶν khămēlôn |
χᾰμηλῶν khămēlôn |
χᾰμηλῶν khămēlôn | |||||
| Dative | χᾰμηλῷ khămēlōî |
χᾰμηλῇ khămēlēî |
χᾰμηλῷ khămēlōî |
χᾰμηλοῖν khămēloîn |
χᾰμηλαῖν khămēlaîn |
χᾰμηλοῖν khămēloîn |
χᾰμηλοῖς khămēloîs |
χᾰμηλαῖς khămēlaîs |
χᾰμηλοῖς khămēloîs | |||||
| Accusative | χᾰμηλόν khămēlón |
χᾰμηλήν khămēlḗn |
χᾰμηλόν khămēlón |
χᾰμηλώ khămēlṓ |
χᾰμηλᾱ́ khămēlā́ |
χᾰμηλώ khămēlṓ |
χᾰμηλούς khămēloús |
χᾰμηλᾱ́ς khămēlā́s |
χᾰμηλᾰ́ khămēlắ | |||||
| Vocative | χᾰμηλέ khămēlé |
χᾰμηλή khămēlḗ |
χᾰμηλόν khămēlón |
χᾰμηλώ khămēlṓ |
χᾰμηλᾱ́ khămēlā́ |
χᾰμηλώ khămēlṓ |
χᾰμηλοί khămēloí |
χᾰμηλαί khămēlaí |
χᾰμηλᾰ́ khămēlắ | |||||
| Derived forms | Adverb | Comparative | Superlative | |||||||||||
| — | χᾰμηλότερος khămēlóteros |
χᾰμηλότᾰτος khămēlótătos | ||||||||||||
| Notes: |
| |||||||||||||
Descendants
- Greek: χαμηλός (chamilós)
References
- ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “χαμαί (DER > From χαμαί: χαμ-ηλός)”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 1612-3
Further reading
- “χαμηλός”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “χαμηλός”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- “χαμηλός”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
- χαμηλός, in ΛΟΓΕΙΟΝ [Logeion] Dictionaries for Ancient Greek and Latin (in English, French, Spanish, German, Dutch and Chinese), University of Chicago, since 2011
Greek
Etymology
Learnedly, from Hellenistic Koine Greek χαμηλός (khamēlós, “lowered”). Then Ancient Greek sense: "trivial". [1]
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /xa.miˈlos/
- Hyphenation: χα‧μη‧λός
Adjective
χαμηλός • (chamilós) m (feminine χαμηλή, neuter χαμηλό)
Declension
| singular | plural | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | feminine | neuter | masculine | feminine | neuter | ||
| nominative | χαμηλός (chamilós) | χαμηλή (chamilí) | χαμηλό (chamiló) | χαμηλοί (chamiloí) | χαμηλές (chamilés) | χαμηλά (chamilá) | |
| genitive | χαμηλού (chamiloú) | χαμηλής (chamilís) | χαμηλού (chamiloú) | χαμηλών (chamilón) | χαμηλών (chamilón) | χαμηλών (chamilón) | |
| accusative | χαμηλό (chamiló) | χαμηλή (chamilí) | χαμηλό (chamiló) | χαμηλούς (chamiloús) | χαμηλές (chamilés) | χαμηλά (chamilá) | |
| vocative | χαμηλέ (chamilé) | χαμηλή (chamilí) | χαμηλό (chamiló) | χαμηλοί (chamiloí) | χαμηλές (chamilés) | χαμηλά (chamilá) | |
Derivations:
Comparative: πιο + positive forms (e.g. πιο χαμηλός, etc.)
Relative superlative: definite article + πιο + positive forms (e.g. ο πιο χαμηλός, etc.)
Derivations: relative superlative: ο + comparative forms (eg "ο χαμηλότερος", etc)
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Synonyms
- χθαμαλός (chthamalós, “of low ground”) (rare)
Related terms
- χαμηλο- (chamilo-) compounds: Greek terms prefixed with χαμηλο-
- χαμηλό ανάγλυφο n (chamiló anáglyfo, “low or bas relief”)
References
- ^ χαμηλός, in Λεξικό της κοινής νεοελληνικής [Dictionary of Standard Modern Greek], Triantafyllidis Foundation, 1998 at the Centre for the Greek language