поощрить
Russian
Etymology
Borrowed from Old Church Slavonic поощрити (pooštriti), featuring regressive palatalization across "р" (стр > щр). Another example of palatalization across a liquid is found in the conjugation of слать (slatʹ). Doublet of поостри́ть (poostrítʹ, “to spend some time sharpening, to crack some jokes”), which does not feature such palatalization. By surface analysis, по- (po-) + о́стрый (óstryj) + -ить (-itʹ). Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eḱ-.
Compare typologically подстрека́ть (podstrekátʹ).
Also compare typologically:
- cognate: English egg on (ultimately from the same PIE root);
- noncognate: Czech nabádat (“urge, exhort”), akin to Russian бода́ть (bodátʹ), Bulgarian подтиквам (podtikvam), akin to Russian ты́кать (týkatʹ).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [pɐɐɕːˈrʲitʲ]
Audio: (file)
Verb
поощри́ть • (pooščrítʹ) pf (imperfective поощря́ть)
- to encourage, to incentivise, to abet (to support, uphold, or aid)
Conjugation
Conjugation of поощри́ть (class 4b perfective transitive)
| perfective aspect | ||
|---|---|---|
| infinitive | поощри́ть pooščrítʹ | |
| participles | present tense | past tense |
| active | — | поощри́вший pooščrívšij |
| passive | — | поощрённый pooščrjónnyj |
| adverbial | — | поощри́в pooščrív, поощри́вши pooščrívši |
| present tense | future tense | |
| 1st singular (я) | — | поощрю́ pooščrjú |
| 2nd singular (ты) | — | поощри́шь pooščríšʹ |
| 3rd singular (он/она́/оно́) | — | поощри́т pooščrít |
| 1st plural (мы) | — | поощри́м pooščrím |
| 2nd plural (вы) | — | поощри́те pooščríte |
| 3rd plural (они́) | — | поощря́т pooščrját |
| imperative | singular | plural |
| поощри́ pooščrí |
поощри́те pooščríte | |
| past tense | singular | plural (мы/вы/они́) |
| masculine (я/ты/он) | поощри́л pooščríl |
поощри́ли pooščríli |
| feminine (я/ты/она́) | поощри́ла pooščríla | |
| neuter (оно́) | поощри́ло pooščrílo | |
Derived terms
- поощре́ние (pooščrénije)
References
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “поощрять”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress